The Rise of the Dictators

1
The Rise of the Dictators
Hirohito
Hitler
Mussolini
Stalin
2
Effects of World War I

• Some countries upset at the outcome
• Germany had to accept blame for
  starting the war
• And give up lands to its enemies
  (Versailles Treaty)
• Italy and Japan were denied colonies
  promised by Allies before entering
  the war
• Russia monarchy (king) was overthrown by
  Bolsheviks (communists)
• Russia fell into a civil war that divided the
  country (red vs. white)

3
Effects of the Depression

• US raised taxes on European imports
  to make more money
• Americans did not have money to
  spend on European goods
• Imports became too expensive
• Germany did not have to pay
  off reparations to GB and Fr
• Germany tried to print more money caused
  inflation
• Germany economy fell apart
• Italy and other European countries
  struggled too
• Germany and Italy looked for strong new leaders
  to lead them back to greatness

4
Mussolini Takes Over

• Used force to overthrow Italian king
• Marched into Rome and demanded power
• Became Dictator in 1923
• Wanted to rebuild the Roman Empire
• Conquered Ethiopia (Africa) in 1935
• Italians were happy with their new
  leader

5
Hitler is Appointed

• Hitler was a rising politician in Germany
• Joined the Nazi party in early 1920s
• Nazi - National Socialist Party
• Believed in the racial supremacy of Germans
  
• Blamed WWI loss on Jews and Communists
• Claimed current German govt was filled with
  Jews and Communists
• Argued that Germany should be run by true
  Germans - himself
• Argued that Germany must ignore the
  Versailles Treaty and become a great
  country again
• For the first time since Versailles, gave Germans
  a reason to feel proud again
• Appointed Chancellor in 1933
• Used a communist scare to become dictator a year
  later (Reichstag fire)
• Germans loved and cheered him

6
Stalin Rises to the Top

• Stalin rose to power within the Bolshevik Party
  after WWI
• Helped establish the Communist govt
• Eventually became leader of the party
• Needed to maintain power over a large country
  some still supported the former king
• Stalin eliminated all opposition to his power
  (mostly by murder arrests)
• Became Dictator of the Soviet Union by the early
  1930s
• Took over all of the farms and industries now
  run by the govt
• Began rebuilding the Soviet Union into a strong
  power
• Russians viewed him as a great leader

7
Japan Expands

• Hirohito became Emperor in 1925 after his
  fathers death
• Considered young and inexperienced
• The Military controlled the government
• Japan wanted to create a Pacific empire
  control the ocean
• Japan doesnt have natural resources
  needed for wars
• Needed to get those resources from other
  countries - aggression
• Invaded Manchuria in 1931 - rich in resources
• Invaded mainland China a few years later

8
Germany Expands in Europe

• Hitler re-militarized Germany (Versailles)
• Claimed all Germans should be ruled by Germany
  retake lands lost to Versailles
• Germany used aggression to take
  Austria Anschluss (1938)
• Hitler threatened war unless parts of Czech. were
  given to him more aggression
• GB/Fr let him have it Munich Pact
  (1938) later took all of Czechoslovakia
• Hitler promised he wouldnt ask
  for anything else
• Europe appeased Hitlers aggression
  to avoid war
• Hitler learned that Europe was
  not willing to fight to stop him
• Germany continued to build up its
  military for future use