Circulatory System

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Circulatory System

• Biology 1b

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Outline of lecture- respiratory

• Evolution of circulatory system
• Structures involved in circulatory system
• Components of blood
• How blood clots
• Common circulatory system diseases

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Evolution of the circulatory system
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Types of circulatory systems

• simple diffusion
• Sponges, Cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms

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Types of circulatory systems

• Open circulatory system-blood is only partly
  contained in vessels.The heart pumps blood into a
  system of cavities. Blood makes direct contact
  with the tissues of the organism.
• Example species-
• Arthropods
• Most mollusks

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Types of circulatory systems

• Closed circulatory system-blood is always within
  vessels. Do not make direct contact with the
  tissue.
• Example species-
• Annelids and some mollusks
• All vertebrates

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Types of hearts- 2 chambered

• Fish- closed circulatory system with a single loop

http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/A/AnimalHearts.html
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Types of hearts- 3 chambered

• frogs- more efficient, blood going to body is
  under high pressure

http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/A/AnimalHearts.html
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Types of hearts- 3/4 chambered

• reptiles- more efficient, more separation of
  oxygenated and unoxygenated blood

http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/A/AnimalHearts.html
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Types of hearts- 4 chambered

• Mammals and birds- both or endothermic, thus
  require a lot of energy and a very efficient
  circulatory system.

http//academic.emporia.edu/sievertl/verstruc/brdh
eart.htm
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http//www.graphyx.com/new.pages/human.heart.html

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Pathways of blood

• R atrium
• R ventricle
• Pulmonary artery
• Lungs
• Pulmonary vein
• L atrium
• L ventricle
• aorta

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
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Heart info

• Pericardium- sac surrounding heart
• Myocardium- heart muscle
• Atrium- upper chamber
• Ventricle- lower chamber
• 3 circulatory systems
• Pulmonary
• Cardiac
• Systemic
• Pacemaker (right atrium) sinoatrial node
  atrioventricular node

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Type of Blood Vessels

• Arteries
• Arterioles
• (systolic diastolic)
• Veins
• Venules
• capillaries

 
 
http//web.buddy project.org/web019/web019/vessels
.html
                                           Card
iovascular SystemHome Page
                                           Card
iovascular SystemHome Page
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Components of blood
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Blood

• Red corpuscles- erythrocytes
• White corpuscles- leucocytes
• Platelets- thrombocytes
• Fluids (nonliving)- plasma

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Fluids (nonliving) plasma

• 90 water
• Part dissolved proteins
• Fibrogen (blood clotting)
• Serum albumin(normal blood tissue relations)
• Serum globulins (antibodies)
• Inorganic minerals (1 salt)
• Digested food
• Nitrogenous waste (from protein metabolism in
  tissues

http//www.psbc.org/education/hematology/blood/_fr
m/frm_plasma.htm
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Red corpuscles- erythrocytes

• Shaped like disks
• No nuclei
• 120-130 days- removed by liver spleen
• 25 trillion
• Produced in bone marrow
• Carry O2, hemoglobin

http//www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf/microangela/rbc.ht
m
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White corpuscles- leukocytes

• Larger than red, 1 white 600 red
• Have nuclei
• Colorless
• Amoeboid movement
• Phagocytosis of bad guys
• Important in fighting infection
• Pus is dead white blood cells, bacteria, tissue
  fluid

http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/ehrlichia/Organisms
/Organism.htm
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Platelets

• Small, irregular, colorless
• Formed in red marrow
• Important in forming blood clots

http//aplmicro.com/portfolio.html
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Formation of a clot

• Cut vessel disintegrating platelets release
  thromboplastin
• Thromboplastin ------------?thrombin
• Fibrogen--------------------?fibrin

Ca
prothrombin
thrombin
Tiny threads trap blood cells Dry cell develop
into a scab
(Soluble blood protein)
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http//www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1220lynch/11blood
2.html
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Diseases of the Circulatory System

• Heart attack (myocardial
• infarction)
• Stroke
• Arteriosclerosis
• Hypertension
• Measured by a
• sphygmomanometer
• Normal 120/80
• 120 systolic(force on
• arteries when ventricle contract)
• 80 diastolic (force on arteries
• when ventricle relaxes)

http//www.clevelandclinic.org/arthritis/treat/fac
ts/vasculitis.htm
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http//www.terra.es/personal2/rmm00005/arterioscle
rosis.htm
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Lymphatic Tissue
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Lymphatic system

• Lymph nodes
• House lymphocytes
• Absorb nutrients
• Filter material
• Move by osmotic pressure
• W/o steady flow edema results
• Pick up extra cellular material

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http//meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pededema.ht
m
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• A
• B