communication

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WELCOME

• PROJECT OF BOM

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PREPARED BY

• SATYARTH PRAKASH (3825)
• VARUN MITTAL (3653)
• VARUN GOEL (3687)
• KESHAV PAL (3689)
• AMIT KUMAR (3827)
• RAHUL YADAV (3835)

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COMMUNICATION
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COMMUNICATION

• The term communication is derived from the
  Latin word communis which means common.
• Communication may be defined as an exchange of
  facts ,ideas, openions or emotions to create
  mutual understanding.

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NATURE

• (1) At Least Two Person At least two person one
  who sends the message and the second who receive
  .
• (2) Mutual Understanding Its basic purpose is
  to create understanding in the mind of the
  receiver of message .
• (3) Continuous Process It is an ongoing process
  . It is a regular process .
• (4) Two Way Process It is a two way because of
  needs of reaction or respond .
• (5) Pervasive Function It is vital on all level
  of management .

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Process of communication
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SENDER
MESSAGE
ENCODING
DECODING
RECEIVER
CHANNEL
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Element of communication
process

• Sender person who sends message or ideas.
• Source or initiator.
• May speaker , writer.
• Message what is conveyed by the sender.
• Consist of words , facts , ideas , opinions ,
  suggestions , orders .
• It is the subject matter of communication.
• Encoding use appropriate verbal and non verbal
  for transmit the message
• transmit the ideas or message into language.
• Channel, medium or route through which
  message or idea is passed.
• May be face to face , telephone ,fax , sms ,
  letters ,mail .

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• Receiver person or group who receives the
  message . May be listener , reader ,
  observer.
• Feedback response or reaction.
• represent the return flow of comm.
• It makes the communication two ways .
• It allows the receiver to ask question and
  clearyfication.
• It enables the sender to well understand by the
  receiver.

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CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION

• (1) FORMAL COMMUNICATION
• (2) INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

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Formal communication

• It refers to interchange of information
  officially . The flow of communication is
  controlled and deliberate efforts . This makes it
  possible for the information to reach the desired
  place without any hindrance ,at low cost and in a
  proper way .
• This is also known as Through Proper Channel Of
  Communication .

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TYPES

• (1) DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
• (2) UPWARD COMMUNICATION
• (3) HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
• (4) CROSSWISE COMMUNICATION

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Downward communication

• It is used to issue orders and instructions to
  employees .
• It refers to the flow of information from a
  superior (high level) to a subordinate .

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Orders Instructions Policies Circulars
procedures rules Budgets Newsletter Lectures Annua
l report
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Upward Communication

• It refers to the flow of communication from lower
  levels (subordinates) to higher level
  (superiors) .
• Such communication enables the management to know
  what is happening throughout the organization .

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Requests Suggestion Grievances Complaints Prop
osals Reports
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Horizontal Communication

• Horizontal or lateral communication
• implies exchange of ideas and information among
  people working at the same level of authority .

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Inter-dependent memos Inter-personal dialogues
Line and staff
parleys Telephonic conversations Union
management meetings
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Crosswise Communication

• It means communication between persons who are
  neither in the same department nor on the same
  level of organizational structure . It cuts
  across departmental lines.
• It generally takes place when members cant
  communicate effectively through other channels .

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INFORMAL COMMUNICATION or GRAPEVINE

• Informal communication arises out of all those
  channels that fall outside the formal channels
  and it is also known as GRAPEVINE . It is
  established around the societal affiliation of
  members of the organization . It doesnt follows
  the authority line .

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ADVANTAGES

• Better human relation
• Free from barriers
• Satisfy social needs
• Flexibility
• Fill possible gaps

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LIMITATIONS

• Not authentic
• May be distorted
• Rise to rumors
• Rise to gossips
• Mislead people
• May more talk less work

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The Impact of the Number of People on
Communications Channels
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COMMUNICATION NETWORK

• It is a pattern of inter-connected lines.
• It determines the rapidity, accuracy and
  smoothness with which the message flow in the
  organization.

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TYPES

• FORMAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK
• (1) Circle network - each person communicate
  with two other.

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• CHAIN NETWORK

• FREE FLOW

• Every member allowed to communicate with all other

• Message flow in a direct vertical line

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• WHEEL NETWORK

• Y NETWORK

• A number of subordinate report to one superior

• One central person communicates with other

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INFORMAL NETWORK

• SINGLE STRAND

• GOSSIP

Y
X
X
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• PROBABILITY

• CLUSTER

X
X
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BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
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Barriers that Affect Co-Worker Communication
Communication Styles Language Traps
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Types of Barriers

• Semantic Barriers
• Emotional or Psychological Barriers
• Organizational Barriers
• Personal Barriers

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Semantic barriers.

• Different language
• Words
• Pictures
• Actions
• Poor vocabulary

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Emotional or psychological barriers.

• Loss in transmission and retention
• Distrust of communicator
• Failure to communicate
• Undue reliance on written words
• Inattention of the receiver

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Organizational barriers

• Organizational policy
• Organizational rules and regulations
• Status relationship in organization
• Structure of the organization
• Lack of organizational facilities
• Wrong choice of channel

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Personal barriers

• Barriers in superiors
• Attitude of superiors
• Fear of challenge to authority
• Underestimation of their subordinates
• Ignoring the junior
• Insistence on following proper channel

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Objectives

• Communication plays a vital role for the growth
  and development of an Individual, organization
  and the Nation.
• Effective communication will not be possible
  without proper understanding of the barriers.
• Proper understanding of the barriers is necessary
  to avoid the barriers and make communication
  effective.

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Measures to overcomes the barriers of
communication

• Clarify ideas before communication.
• Communication according to the need of receiver
• Consult others before communication.
• Ensures proper feed back.
• Be a good listener.
• Beware of language tone and contempt of message.

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References

• C.B.Gupta Modern business organization
• John chandler , Heather clark . Organization and
  management.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titleCommunic
  ationoldid626112881
• Jump up Harper, Douglas. "communication".
  Online Etymology Dictionary

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T H A N K S