Clouds of War

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Clouds of War

• Chapter 16

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Causes of WWII 16.1

• Treaty of Versailles a Failure
• German War Reparations cause hyperinflation
• German pride hurt
• Lost territory
• Super-Nationalism
• Dictators win over Democracies
• Ethnic cleaning
• lebensraum or living space

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Joseph Stalin Soviet Union

• Collective farming
• Industrialization at any cost
• Purges
• 8 13 Million killed who disagreed
• Siberia/starvation
• Totalitarian

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Stalins Style of Govt
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Benito Mussolini - Italy

• Consolidated power using fear of wealthy
• Fascism super nationalism
• Strength comes from single powerful leader
• Il Duce
• Black Shirts used force and threats

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Adolf Hitler - Germany

• Uses chaos to unify Germany
• Mein Kampf (My Struggle) is blueprint for plan
• Nazi extreme nationalism, German style
• Racial purification
• More land
• Storm troopers (Brown Shirts) use force and
  threats
• Democratically elected Chancellor
• Democratic government replaced w/Third Reich
  (third German Empire)

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Militarists in Japan

• Looking for more space for Japanese
• Attacked and took control over large territory in
  China called Manchuria
• Rich in natural resources
• League of Nations condemned action
• Japan left the League of Nations

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Francisco Franco - Spain

• Civil War-military v democracy
• Fascist leader
• Hitler/Mussolini backed Franco w/troops and money
• Western democracies ignored
• Totalitarian leader

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Aggression Builds

• Germany military buildup
• Germany sent troops into Rhineland
• Italy invades Ethiopia
• Support Franco

• US strong Isolationist policies
• Neutrality Acts banned sale of arms to nations
  at war
• Later, cash and carry plan to sell arms
• Later, lend lease plan to sell arms

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Section 16.2 -Austria, Czech, Poland Fall

• 6 M Austrians were German, favored unification
  invasion unopposed -1938
• 3 M Germans in Sudetenland-promise last
  request-1938
• Invades rest of Czech-39
• Invades Poland-39

• World Response Do nothing
• Chamberlain and Daladier appease Hitler-Munich
  Pact
• World Response-Do nothing
• Soviet nonaggression pact/secret pact divide
  Poland-now 1 front only for Germany

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Blitzgrieg or lightning war

• Used new military technology such as fast tanks
  and aircraft
• Stuka dive air bombers
• Flanking infantry
• Fast tanks
• Left enemy troops immobile/no communication

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England/France Declare War!

• Blitzkrieg gives way to sitzkrieg after fall of
  Poland
• Stalin in east Poland, then Baltic states
• Hitler, 1940 surprise attack on Denmark and
  Norway
• Then, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg

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Fall of France

• French and British troops flee to coast to escape
  at Dunkirk
• Germans occupy northern France (Paris)
• Nazi supported govt, Vichy, in south

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(No Transcript)
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Battle of Britain-1940

• German airforce, the Luftwaffe, conduct air
  attacks on Great Britain for months
• On 1 day 1000 bombers flew over Britain
• RAF fought back w/radar

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Section 16.4 -Axis Powers Unite-Tripartite Pact
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U.S. Remains Neutral

• 1939 Cash and Carry plan
• Increase in Defense spending
• First Peacetime draft
• Lend-Lease act-pay back if and when you can
• Help to Soviets after Hitler lied and invaded
  Russia anyway
• Permission for US warships to attack subs on
  sight-U-Boat Wolf Packs sent to sink supply
• Atlantic Charter (an agreement to help) between
  Brits and Yanks

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Hideki Tojo a Rising Star

• Already control Manchuria
• Expand to other East Asia territories like
  Indochina
• US cuts off oil
• Fakes Agreeing w/Emperor Hirohito for peace
  w/US
• Launches an attack

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Pearl Harbor Attacked! A Day that will live in
infamy . . .
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The Holocaust -16.3

• The systematic murder of over 11 million people
  in Europe, 6 of the 9 million Jews in Europe were
  wiped out
• Hitler used Jews as scapegoat for all of
  Germanys problems
• Persecution builds-all Jews removed from Govt
  jobs 1933
• Nuremberg Laws-strip Jews of German citizenship,
  jobs, probperty-1935

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The Holocaust-16.3

• Forced to wear bright yellow star on clothes to
  easily identify and target
• KristallnachtNight of Broken Glass-Nazi soldiers
  storm business, synagoues, homes, 100 killed,
  3000 arrested-Jews blamed for destruction
• Jews looked to emigrate-few would accept
• Including US-Great Depression, anti-Semitism

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The Holocaust 16.3

• Final Solution genocide
• Justification-Aryan superior race, need to
  cleanse or purify the master race
• Nazi death squads (SS) started in
  Poland-rounded up Jews and shot them
• Polish ghettos-factories built near-forced to
  work for Germans
• Others shipped to concentration camps

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The Holocaust 16.3

• Concentration campsWork camps work you until
  death from starvation, abuse, overwork, disease
• Stripped of clothes, dignity, then life
• Mass exterminations with poison gas
• Special death camps built with gas chambers and
  incinerators
• Medical experiments-Josef Mengele

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Death Camps are Liberated 44