Chapter 26: Clouds of War

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Chapter 26 Clouds of War

• Mrs. Hauber
• US History

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The Rise of Nationalism
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Rise of Dictators
Hitler Mussolini Stalin
Austrian Fascist Hated Authority
artist Control Media Communist
WWI March on Rome Man of Steel
Jailed Il Duce Helped Lenin in revolution
Mein Kampf Old Roman Empire Came to Power when Lenin died
NAZI Party Intelligent Great Purge
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Video Clip on the Causes of WWII
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Causes of WWII

• MAIN
• Anti-Communism
• Policy of Appeasement
• Germanys occupation of Poland
• Japans invasion of Manchuria and China
• Italys invasion of Ethiopia
• Stalins Non-Aggression Pact

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Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles

• Huge reparations bill to Germany
• Loss of territories (Alsace-Lorraine)
• Demilitarization
• Italy was promised land, but was ignored

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Development of the Axis Powers

• Rome-Berlin AxisItaly and Germany agree to help
  fascist forces in the Spanish Civil War.
• Anti-COM intern Pact Japan and Germany agree to
  help fight Communism

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(continued)

• NAZI-Soviet Pact(Non Aggression Pact)Russia and
  Germany agree to Neutrality
• Germany can take Western Poland unopposed
• Russia can take Eastern Poland, Finland, Estonia,
  Latvia, and Lithuania

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Prior to WWII

• Hitler's March
• Remilitarizes the Rhineland
• Annexes Austria unopposed
• Germany takes Sudetenland
• Munich Pact(Policy of Appeasement)Britain and
  France give into Hitlers demands of the
  Sudetenland to ensure peace.

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Hitler's March (Continued)

• 6 months later Germany takes the rest of
  Czechoslovakia
• Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939
  (the start of WWII)

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Map of Czechoslovakia and Poland
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Mussolinis March

• Italy invades Ethiopia in Africa
• Wants to rebuild Italy into the Old Roman Empire
• Forms pact with Germany

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Japans March

• Invades Manchuria in 1931
• Japan lacks good resources
• Violates Kellogg-Briand
  pact
• US does not risk war
• Invades China in 1937
• Declares New World order in Asia
• Declares Open-Door Policy Closed

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Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
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Stalins March

• Russia fought Finland in a war for one year after
  pact with Germany
• Finns fought bravely and the US admired their
  bravery.
• Finland lost a portion of their land to Russia
• Russia took over Baltic Region and Eastern Poland

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Japanese-American Relations

• US did not risk war when Japan invaded Manchuria
  and China
• PanayUS gunboat sunk on the Yangtze River in
  China by the Japanese.
• Japan apologized and paid for
  damages (didnt see our flag on ship)

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The Good Neighbor Policy

• FDRs policy that stresses the respect for other
  countries in the world by being a good neighbor
• Originally meant for the whole world
• Became our policy toward Latin America
• In 1943, US gave up its right to intervene
  (stated in the Platt Amendment)
• First test was in MexicoUS formed a
  compromise.

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Quarantine Speech

• FDR called for isolation of the aggressor nations
• Foreshadows his getting ready for US involvement
  in the war

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American Isolationism
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Neutrality Acts

• 1935 1936prohibited the sale of any weapons to
  warring nations
• 1939Cash Carryexception to the neutrality
  acts whereby warring nations could buy weapons if
  they paid cash and shipped them from our shores.

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Section 2 The Battlefield is Everywhere

• After Germanys invasion of Poland, there was no
  fighting for 6 months despite the fact that
  Britain and France declared war on Germany
• Phony Warnickname given by the press for this
  time period
• Only exception was Soviet
  Unions attack on Finland

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WWII Begins
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A New Warfare

• BlitzkriegHitlers strategy that overwhelms the
  enemy with planes, trucks, and tanks. lightning
  war

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Hitlers March after Sept 1st

• Order in which other countries were invaded
• Poland
• Denmark and Norway
• Netherlands
• Belgium
• Luxemburg
• France (penetrated the Maginot Line)
• Operation Dynamo300,000 British and French
  forces evacuated across the English Channel

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Operation Dynamo
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Air Power

• Billy MitchellWWI ace that believed air power
  was the key to victory in the next war.
• In 1921, he demonstrated how using an airplane to
  drop bombs could sink a battleship

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Air Power (continued)

• Charles LindberghIn 1927 he made a famous
  non-stop flight from NY to Paris
• B-17long-range bomber nicknamed the flying
  fortress
• Admiral William Moffett-- designed the first
  aircraft carrier and was in charge of the air
  force

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US Prepares for War

• Plan to turn out 50,000 planes
• Create a two-ocean navy
• FDR tried to slowly change the nations opinion

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Battle of Britain

• Winston ChurchillNew Prime Minister that warned
  that after the surrender of France, Britain would
  be next.
• Mostly fought in the air
• Germany launched daylight raids
  against ports and airfields

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The London Blitz
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Battle of Britain (continued)

• ULTRAGermanys secret codes that Britain
  intercepted
• Sea LionHitlers planned invasion across the
  English channel
• Hitler postponed this invasion conceding defeat.

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Election of 1940

• Wendell WilkieRepublican candidate who was
  against the New Deal but agreed with FDR in
  preparing for war.
• First peacetime draft ever. (For Defense)FDR
  promised not to send your boys to any foreign
  wars
• FDR was the 1st President to be elected 3 times.

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Helping Great Britain

• Neutrality Act of 1939 (Cash and Carry)allowed
  aid to Britain, France, and China
• Destroyers for Bases DealUS gave Britain 50 old
  destroyers in exchange for 8 naval bases
• Lend-Lease Actleased war supplies to Britain
  because they could not afford them.

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Undeclared Naval War

• FDR extends defensive perimeter halfway across
  the Atlantic Ocean
• FDR orders US ships to shoot any German ship
  within this perimeter on sight.

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Atlantic Charter

• FDR and Churchill meet secretly on a ship outside
  of Newfoundland
• Atlantic Charterupdate of Wilsons 14 points
  where they came up with a set of common
  principles
• FDR spoke of Four Freedoms speech, religion,
  want and fear.

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Warm Up

• Explain the undeclared naval war going on in the
  Atlantic Ocean between the US and Germany.

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Section 3 War Comes to the US

• Invasion of Russia
• Submarine Warfare
• Trouble in the Pacific
• Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Declaration of War

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Hitler Invades Russia

• Violates NAZI-Soviet Pact (Operation Barbarossa)
• Greatest Blunder because of the climate and
  vastness of territory
• Nazis suffered from frostbite and frozen oil in
  the motors of their tanks.

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(No Transcript)
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Germany Increases Submarine Warfare

• US was convoying British merchant ships
• Three destroyers were hit by German submarines
• USS Greeractually stalking a German submarine
  was 1st US ship to be hit.
• USS Kearney
  12 Americans were killed
• Rueben JamesOver 100 killed
• Undeclared Naval War

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Trouble in the Pacific

• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity SphereJapanese
  domination of the Far East
• Burma Roadallied supply route to China
• Japan wanted US to cut off aid to China

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Japanese Advancement
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Trouble in the Pacific (continued)

• General Hidecki Tojoa more war-like General in
  Japan that came to power
• Magicintelligence the US received from breaking
  Japans codes.

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Planning the Attack
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Attack on Pearl Harbor

• US government was involved with peace talks with
  Japan
• Decoders knew Japan was going to strike but
  didnt know where
• Dec. 7, 1941greatest military disaster in
  America
• 2400 killed

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Pearl Harbor
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Declaration of War

• Dec 8, 1941FDR gives his famous Day of Infamy
  Speech to the public.
• US declares war on Japan
• 3 days later, Germany and Italy declare war on
  the US