Chapter 20 The Atlantic World

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Chapter 20 The Atlantic World

• Spanish Conquests in the Americas

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Christopher Columbus

• Columbus- a sea captain who made a daring voyage
  to Spain in 1492 he sailed west across the
  Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route to
  Asia and its riches. He never reached Asia, but
  landed on a Caribbean island.

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Columbuss Voyage Paves the Way

• In 1492 Columbus thought he had successfully
  reached the East Indies.
• He encountered meeting the first native
  Americans.
• Columbus was not in the East Indies and scholars
  believed that he had reached the Bahamas.
• The Native People that he came across were not
  Indians, but a group of people who were called
  Tainos.

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Columbuss Voyage

• Columbus was interested in finding gold.
• Spanish rulers who funded his first voyage agreed
  to fund three more voyages.
• Colonies- land controlled by other nations

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Other Explorers Take to The Seas

• Pedro Alvares Cabral- discovered the shores of
  present day Brazil.
• Amerigo Vespucci- traveled along the east coast
  of South America.
• He stated the land was not Asia but a new
  world.
• A German mapmaker named the new continent America
  in honor of Vespucci.

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• Ferdinand Magellan- sailed around the southern
  end of South America into the Pacific explored
  Guam and reached the Philippines.
• Magellan and his crew were the first people to
  circumnavigate, or sail around the world.

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Spain Builds an Empire

• Hernando Cortes- a Spaniard on Magellans voyage
  who landed on the shores of Mexico and colonized
  several Caribbean islands.
• He traveled in search of new lands in Spain.
• Conquistadors- Spanish soldiers who took conquest
  in the 16th century.

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Cortes Conquers the Aztecs

• Cortes quickly learned of land in Mexico in the
  vast, wealthy Aztec Empire.
• Tenochtitlan- capital of Aztec.
• Montezuma II- Aztec emperor
• Francisco Pizarro- Spanish conquistador who
  conquered the Inca Empire.

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Spains Pattern of Conquest

• Peninsulares- Spanish setters in America.
• Marriages between Spanish settlers and native
  women were common.
• Mestizo- people of mixed Spanish and Native
  American population.
• Encomienda- a grant of land made by Spain to a
  settler in the Americas, including the right to
  use Native Americans as laborers on it,

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Spain Expands Its Influence

• Spains American colonies made it the most
  richest powerful nation in the 16th century.
• Spanish priests worked to spread Christianity in
  the region.
• In the late 17th century Natives in New Mexico
  fought against Spanish rule.