Why do we need the subjunctive

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Why do we need the subjunctive?

• Subordinate/Dependent Clauses

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Mood

• Latin has three moods indicative, imperative,
  and subjunctive.
• The indicative is used in main clauses and refers
  to the six tenses, active and passive, that you
  have already learned.
• The imperative is used for commands.
• The subjunctive is mainly used in subordinate
  clauses.

3
Clauses

• A clause is a group of words containing a verb.
• There are two types of clauses main, or
  independent and subordinate, or dependent.
• Main clauses can stand alone as complete
  sentences.
• Subordinate clauses cant stand alone but must
  accompany a main clause.

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Subordinate Clauses

• In Latin, many subordinate clauses use the
  subjunctive mood.
• So far, you have seen three types
• 1) Cum circumstantial (cumwhen)
• Ex. Cum quattuor dies navigavissemus, subito
  maxima tempestas coorta est.
• 2) Cum causal (cumsince, because)
• Ex. Magister navis, cum valde timeret, suos
  vetuit nos adiuvare.

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Indirect Questions

• The third type of clause is an indirect question.
• Direct question Qui estis? (Who are you?)
• Indirect question Piratae rogabant qui essemus.
  (The pirates asked who we were.)
• A direct question can use quotation marks, while
  an indirect question does not.

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Translations for you to try

• Grammaticus Sextum rogavit ubi esset Hesperia.
• Cum prope rivum ambularemus, Corneliam et Flaviam
  clamantes audivimus.
• Cum neque cibum neque aquam haberent, aegerrimi
  erant.

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In summary

• There are three moods with Latin verbs
  indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
• The subjunctive is most commonly used in
  subordinate clauses.
• You have seen three subordinate clause types
  cum circumstantial, cum causal, and indirect
  question.