Imperative and Subjunctive

1
Imperative and Subjunctive

• IMPERATIV I KONJUKTIV

2
Glagolski nacin (Mood)

• Postoje tri glagolska nacina
• Indikativ (pokazni) the indicative mood.
  Koristi se da se konstatuju cinjenice ili
  dogadaji, ili da se postavljaju pitanja o njima,
  u prošlosti, sadašnjosti ili buducnosti
• He always argues. (On se uvek prepire.)
• My parents arrived last night. (Moji roditelji su
  stigli sinoc).
• What will you have, coffee or tea? (Šta ceš
  uzeti, kafu ili caj?)

3

• Konjuktiv the subjunctive mood. Koristi se kada
  se glagolima iskazuju zamišljena stanja ili
  radnje (želje, pretpostavke, sumnje, strepnje,
  itd.)
• Iza izraza I wish, if only, suppose, kao i u
  kondicionalnim recenicama tipa 2 i 3.
• I wish she were with us! (Bar da je ona s nama!)
• If I had had time, I would have studied French
  harder. (Da sam imala vremena, više bih ucila
  francuski.)
• Suppose they came early. (Zamisli da dodu ranije.)

4

• Imperativ (zapovedni nacin) the imperative
  mood. Koristi se kad pomocu glagola iskazujemo
  naredbe ili molbe.
• Be quiet! (Ucuti!)
• Switch off your mobile phones. (Iskljucite
  mobilne telefone.)
• Give me a hand, will you? (Pomozi mi malo!)
• Open your books, please. (Otvorite knjige, molim
  vas.)

5
Konjuktiv (The Subjunctive Mood)

• Konjuktivom se iskazuju zamišljena stanja ili
  radnje (želje, pretpostavke, sumnje, strepnje,
  itd.)
• U indikativu se tvrdnje iskazuju pravom upotrebom
  vremena. U konjuktivu, medutim, ono što se odnosi
  na sadašnjost se iskazuje obicnim prošlim
  vremenom (past simple), a ono što se odnosi na
  prošlost izkazuje se davnim prošlim vremenom
  (past perfect).

6
PRIMERI

• INDIKATIV

• KONJUKTIV

• The window is closed.
• She works from home.
• You are an expert.
• I passed all my exams.

• I wish the window were closed.
• If only she worked from home.
• You speak as if you were an expert.
• I wish I had passed all my exams.

7

• U srpskom jeziku glagoli nemaju posebne oblike za
  konjuktiv, ovi oblici se prevode indikativom, a u
  kondicionalnim recenicama potencijalom
• Its high time they left. (Krajnje je vreme da
  odu prezent indikativa)
• If I found a wallet in the street, I would take
  it to the police. (Kad bih našla novcanik na
  ulici, odnela bih ga u policiju.) odnosi se na
  sadašnjost
• If you had helped me, I would have finished
  cleaning sooner. (Da si mi pomogao, ranije bih
  završila spremanje.) odnosi se na prošlost

8
Upotreba konjuktiva

• Konjuktiv se u savremenom engleskom jeziku sve
  manje upotrebljava. Umesto njega upotrebljavaju
  se razni modalni glagoli sa infinitivom glavnog
  glagola. Oni mnogo bolje prenose znacenja želje,
  preporuke, mogucnosti, sposobnosti, itd. nego
  konjuktiv.
• Upotreba konjuktiva ogranicena je na ustaljene
  izraze koji iskazuju želju ili naredbu, uz nadu
  da ce se ona ispuniti. U navedenim primerima
  koristi se prezent konjuktiva
• Long live our President! (Živeo predsednik!)
• God save the Queen! (Bog nek cuva kraljicu!)
• Lord have mercy on us. (Neka nam se Gospod
  smiluje.)

9

• Ukoliko se upotrebi prošlo vreme konjuktiva, ne
  ocekuje se ispunjenje želje
• If only my father were alive!
• Prezent konjuktiva se upotrebljava posle nekih
  glagola kao što su insist, demand, suggest koji
  izražavaju naredenje, zahtev, nastojanje. Ova
  upotreba je gotovo ogranicena na književni,
  formalni jezik.
• The chairperson demanded that the meeting be
  adjourned.

10

• Prošlo vreme konjuktiva (Past Simple Subjunctive)
  upotrebljava se iza izraza kao što su I wish, if
  only, I would rather, its high time, kao i u
  kondicionalnim recenicama tipa 2, da izrazi želju
  da je neko stanje ili zbivanje drugacije. Odnosi
  se na sadašnjost ili buducnost.
• Id rather you did it. (Više bih volela da ti to
  uradiš.)
• If only I had enough time! (Samo da imam dovoljno
  vremena!)
• If you didnt have to work all day, we could go
  shopping later. (Kad ne bi morala da radiš ceo
  dan, išli bismo u kupovinu kasnije.)

11

• Davno prošlo vreme konjuktiva (Past Perfect
  Subjunctive) upotrebljava se iza izraza kao što
  su I wish, if only, I would rather, its high
  time, kao i u kondicionalnim recenicama tipa 3,
  da izrazi želju da je neko stanje ili zbivanje
  bilo drugacije. Odnosi se na prošlost.
• I wish I had seen her before. (Bar da sam je
  ranije videla.)
• If we had told them we were going out, they would
  have come along. (Da smo im rekli da izlazimo, i
  oni bi pošli.)

12

• Past Simple Subjunctive upotrebljava se posle
  imperativa glagola imagine i suppose.
• Imagine if he never showed up. (Zamisli da uopšte
  ne dode).
• Suppose the train were late? (Šta ako voz
  kasni?)

13
Imperativ (The Imperative Mood)

• Imperativom se iskazuju naredbe , zabrane i
  molbe. Za drugo lice jednine i množine
  upotrebljava se infinitivna osnova glagola
• Be honest! (Budi iskren!)
• Have patience! (Strpi se!)
• Open the door! (Otvori vrata!)
• Pass me the bread, please. (Dodaj mi hleb, molim
  te.)
• Come in, please. (Udi.)

14

• Odricni oblik za drugo lice gradi se pomocu
  glagola to do
• Dont leave me alone!
• Dont talk so much!
• Za prvo i trece lice jednine i množine
  upotrebljava se glagol let iza koga sledi
  objekatska zamenica i infinitiv glavnog glagola
• 1. let me go 1. let us go
• 3. let him/her/it go 3. let them go

15

• Odricni oblici grade se kad se ispred potvrdnog
  oblika stavi do not
• 1. do not let me go 1. dont let us go
• 2. dont go 2. dont go
• 3. dont let him go 3. dont let them go

16

• Naredenje ili zabrana mogu se iskazati i na druge
  nacine osim imperativa, kao što su
• 1. Pomocu modalnih glagola
• You have to go there at once. (Odmah morate ici
  tamo.)
• You must phone and apologize. (Moraš nazvati i
  izviniti se.)
• You mustnt lean out of the window. (Ne smeš se
  naginjati kroz prozor.)

17

• 2. Pomocu no i gerunda ili imenice
• No smoking. (Zabranjeno pušenje.)
• No admittance. (Zabranjen ulaz.)
• 3. Pomocu oblika is/are infinitiv
• He is to leave the office at once. (On mora odmah
  da napusti kancelariju.)
• You are to wait here until I come for you. (Moraš
  da cekaš ovde dok ne dodem po tebe.)

18
Upotreba imperativa

• U odredenim situacijama može se koristiti
  imperativ, ali te situacije su iskljucivo
  neformalne, npr. medu prijateljima. Imperativ se
  nikako ne koristi u formalnim situacijama ili u
  razgovoru s nepoznatima.
• U engleskom cak i ljudi koji imaju pravo da
  nareduju cesto ne koriste imperativ. Umesto toga
  oni koriste fraze kao što su I want/Id like you
  to/You must ili polite request form.

19

• We can sometimes use the imperative form to tell
  someone what to do.
• Bring another chair. Hurry up or we'll be late.
• We form the negative with don't.
• Don't be silly. Don't make so much noise.
• We can use an imperative when we are with friends
  in an informal situation. But we do not use it to
  a stranger or in a more formal situation.
• Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to Oxford
  Street, please?
• NOT Tell-me-the way to Oxford Street-please.
• Would you mind sending me a copy of your
  catalogue?
• NOT Send-me-a-copy-of your-catalogue.
• Even people in authority often avoid using the
  imperative to give orders. Instead they can use I
  want/I'd like you to . . . , You must..., or a
  polite request form.
• Manager I want you all to be at the meeting.
• Policeman You must wait until you see the green
  light.
• Doctor Could you lie down on the bed, please?

20
Polite Requests

• Can ili could koriste se za uctive zahteve ili
  molbe, tj. kada uctivo tražimo od nekoga nešto.
• Can I have another fork, please?
• Could you open the door for me?
• Can everyone be quiet for a minute, please?
• Could je formalnije, prema tome i uctivije od
  can.

21

• Takode se koriste izrazi Do you mind...? / Would
  you mind...? sa gerundom
• Would you mind answering the phone?
• Do you mind opening the window?
• Takode Would you like to...?
• Would you like to lay the table for me?

22

• We can use can or could in a request, when we ask
  someone to do something.
• Can you keep me informed'? Yes, of course.
• Could you lend me ten pounds until tomorrow?
  Sorry, I haven't got ten pounds.
• I wonder if you could explain something to me.
  I'll try.
• Could is often more polite than can.
• In a request we can also use Do you mind ...? or
  Would you mind...? with an ing-form.
• Do you mind waiting a moment? No, I can wait.
• Would you mind sitting in the back? No, not at
  all.
• We can also use Would you like to ...?
• Would you like to lay the table for me? Yes, of
  course.
• It is always worth taking the trouble to use one
  of these request forms in English. We do not
  normally say Lay the table for me. This can sound
  very abrupt and impolite without a phrase like
  Could you . . . ?

23
Vežbe

• Mr Atkins is the boss at Zedco. He tells everyone
  what to do. Complete his sentences. Use these
  words can,
• could, have, like, mind, must, want, wonder,
  would
• ? Would you mind making some tea, Alan?
• 1 Youinform me of any developments.
• 2 Could I .................. the latest sales
  figures, please?
• 3 Would you ..................to arrange a
  meeting some time next week, Fiona?
• 4 I.everyone to read the report.
• 5 ..I see the file, please, Mark?
• 6 ..you mind putting this in writing?
• 7 I..if you could translate this letter,
  Linda.
• 8 you meet our customer at the airport?

24

• Read about each situation and then make a
  request. Use the word in brackets.
• ? It is cold in the restaurant. Ask the waiter to
  shut the window, (could)
• Could you shut the window, please ?
• 1 You are buying a coat. Ask the assistant for a
  receipt, (can)
• 2 You want to know the time. Ask someone in the
  street, (could)
• 3 You need someone to help you. Ask a friend,
  (can)
• 4 You have bought some food, but you haven't got
  a bag. Ask the assistant, (could)
• 5 You are carrying a tray. Ask someone to clear a
  space on the table, (mind)
• 6 You are on the phone. You want to speak to the
  manager, (could)