Islam

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Islam Peace in submission to God.
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The term Islamsubmission to God isPeace
Salaam Islam

• Islam Peace
• Muslim One who submits to Peace or a Peacenik
• Allah Eloh of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
• Mecca the most holy city 2 Medina, 3
  Jerusalem

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• The Islamic World 1.2 billion

The Islamic World 1.2 billion
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Background Abraham again, with Jesus added

• Abraham, Hagar, Ismail (Ishmael) Kabah
• Central Role of Jesus for Muslims
• Angels

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• The Angel Gabriel Appears to Mary at the
  conception of Jesus

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Muhammad The Praised One He was also active as
a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator,
legislator, general, reformer and according to
the Muslim belief as an agent of divine action
Biography Muhammad The Prophet - History Channel
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Prophethood
Muhammad as depicted in Medieval Europe
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There is no God but God
Only permissible depiction of God Allah in Arabic

• La ilaha illa Allah There is no God only God
• Muhammadhu Rasul Allah - ...and Muhammad is Gods
  Messenger
• One womans explanation
• The shahadah

• La ilaha illa Allah There is no God only God
• Muhammadhu Rasul Allah - ...and Muhammad is Gods
  Messenger
• One womans explanation
• The shahadah

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Quran the Recitation
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Al-Tawhid Oneness of God

• God has no partners
• Closer than your juggler yet wholly other than
  human
• 7 heavens and paradise

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• The Five Pillars of Islam
• The shahadah, "I testify that there is none
  worthy of worship except God and I testify that
  Muhammad is the Messenger of God."
• Salah, or ritual prayer, which must be performed
  five times a day. Each salah is done facing
  towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Adhan (call to
  prayer) are broadcast publicly from local mosques
  at the appropriate times. The prayers are recited
  in the Arabic language, and consist of verses
  from the Qur'an.45
• Zakat, or alms-giving. This is the practice of
  giving based on accumulated wealth, and is
  obligatory for all Muslims who can afford it. The
  well-off owe to the needy because their wealth is
  seen as a "trust from God's bounty".
• Sawm, or fasting during the month of Ramadan.
  Muslims must not eat or drink (among other
  things) from dawn to dusk during this month, and
  must be mindful of other sins.
• The Hajj, which is the pilgrimage during the
  Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the city of
  Mecca.

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Seventh Heaven the basic criteria
for salvation in afterlife is the belief in one
God (Tawhid), Last Judgment, good deeds, and in
all the messengers of Allah, as well as believing
that Muhammad is the final prophet of God.

• Paradise itself is commonly described in
  the Qur'an. The highest level of Paradise
  is Firdaws (?????), which is where the prophets,
  themartyrs and the most truthful and pious people
  will dwell. In contrast to Jannah, the
  words Jahannam and Nar are used to refer to the
  concept of hell.

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622 CE Hijira

• Muhammad and followers flee to Medina.
• Islamic calendar (AH, Anno Hegirae) begins.
• 624 CE Muslims successfully attack Meccan
  caravans at Badr.
• 625Muslims are defeated by Meccans at Uhud.
• 630Muslims capture Mecca. Ka'ba is cleansed,
  pilgrimage rites are Islamicized, tribes of
  Arabia vow allegiance to Muhammad
• 632 Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr chosen as caliph.

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Hadith Modeling Muhammads life

• Hadith (?????? transliteration al-?adith,
  pl. a?adith lit. "narrative") are
  oral traditions relating to the words and deeds
  of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. 

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Islamic law is known as the Shariah. The
Shariah is based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah,
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Sunni the words and actions or example of the
Prophet Muhammad.

• The Caliph khalifah leader of the Islamic Ummah,
  an Islamic community ruled by 1st 4 caliphs under
   1. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, 2. Umar ibn
  al-Khattab and 3. Uthman ibn Affan...4 Ali

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Sunni versus Shia Who will succeed Muhammad as
leader? Democracy or Genealogy?

• The First Islamic Civil War (656661), fought
  against Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth and final
  of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, caused by the
  controversial assassination of his
  predecessor, Uthman Ibn Affan.

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First Caliphate Umayyad Dynasty
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The Shiat or Party of Ali,a.k.a. Shia or
Shiite Muslim
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Shiat Ali The Fourth Caliph Ali

• in A.D. 656 the fourth Caliph, a man by the name
  of Ali, was elected as ruler of Islam. Ali came
  to power when his predecessor was murdered. 

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Fatimah Daughter of the Prophet

• daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from his
  first wife Khadija after the death of the Prophet
  she defended Ali's cause, opposed the election of
  Abu Bakr, and had violent disputes with him and
  particularly with Umar Muhammad's cousin, also
  had a desire to marry Fatimah but did not have
  the courage to approach Muhammad due to his
  poverty

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Holy Genealogy

• The awaited 13th or hidden imam or guide of
  Islam

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Sunni propaganda Ali ibn Abi Talib

• "With regard to me, two categories of people will
  be ruined, namely he who loves me too much and
  the love takes him away from Rightfulness, and he
  who hates me too much and the hatred takes him
  away from Rightfulness. The best man with regard
  to me is he who is on the middle course. So be
  with him and be with the great majority (of
  Muslims) because Allaah's hand (of protection) is
  on keeping unity".  Nahjul Balagha

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Remembering martyr Husayn (Hussein) 626 680 CE

• Second Islamic Civil War, during the early
  Umayyad dynasty, following the death of the first
  caliph Muawiyah.  succeeded upon his death in 680
  by his son, Yazid whose first pposition came from
   Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of the
  prophet Muhammad and the son of the former 4th
  caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, slain at the Battle of
  Karbala 680 CE.

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Shia Islam (Shiites)

• 940 Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth imam,
  disappears. Twelvers still await the future
  return of the "Hidden Imam."

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Arab Islamic Empire (750-1055)

• 680 Death of Husayn marks beginning of the
  Shi'at Ali ("party of Ali") or Shi'a sect.
• 732 Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent.
  Battle of Tours prevents further advance
  northwards during Ummayyad Caliphate.

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Arab Islamic Empire (750-1055) Abbasid Dynasty
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 Islamic Golden Age700 A.D. to 1600 
Like refined sugar and coffee Yum! Thanks Islamic
culture!
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Philosophy Islamic gift to Europe

• 980-1037 Life of Ibn Sina or Avicenna, Iranian
  physician and Aristotelian philosopher. He sought
  to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic
  theology. His aim was to prove the existence of
  God and his creation of the world scientifically
  and through reason and logic

Ibn Sina is regarded as a father of
modern medicine
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Ibn Rushd known to the West as Averroes there is
no conflict between religion and philosophy,
rather that they are different ways of reaching
the same truth. 

• "existence precedes essence", a key foundational
  concept of existentialism, can also be found in
  the works of Ibn Rushd, as a reaction to Ibn
  Sina's concept of "essence precedes existence"

born in Córdoba, modern daySpain, and died
in Marrakech, modern day Morocco. 
 Italian artist Andrea di Bonaiuto (Florence,
second half of the 14th century)
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The Role of Womensee student Vjolcas Zekiris
work Women in Islam according to the Qur'an
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Pilgrim Woman
Bible Fashions for Woman Abrahamic Styles..
Mennonite Woman
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No less than the queen of heaven, the Virgin
Mary wears Bible Fashions
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Sufism

• 1100-1200s Sufi orders (turuq) are founded.
• Fanah The annihilation of the self in favor of
  God.

Click here for Bennet Hoffmans expose Buddhism
influences Islam Sufism Two Pitchers
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Shiat Ali in red, Sunni in green
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Islamic architecture

• Ottomon Period Blue Mosque 1616 left
•  Sultan Suleiman I  mosque 1557 right

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The British-led Egyptian Expeditionary Force,
commanded by Edmund Allenby, captured Jerusalem
on 9 December, 1917 and occupied the whole of the
Levant following the defeat of Turkish forces in
Palestine at the Battle of Megiddo in September
1918