World War I

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World War I

• The war to end all wars

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By The Numbers
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Mobilized
Dead Wounded Missing/PoW
Russia 12,000,000
1,700,000 4,950,000
2,500,000 Germany 11,000,000
1,773,700 4,216,058
1,152,800 Great Britain 8,904,467
908,371 2,090,212
191,652 France 8,410,000
1,375,800 3,266,000
537,000 Austria-Hungary 7,800,000
1,200,000 3,620,000
2,200,000 Italy
5,615,000 650,000 947,000
600,000 US
4,355,000 126,000
234,300 4,526 Turkey
2,850,000 325,000
400,000 250,000 Bulgaria
1,200,000 87,500
152,390 27,029 Japan
800,000 300
907 3 Romania
750,000 335,706
120,000 80,000 Serbia
707,343 45,000
133,148 152,958 Belgium
267,000
13,716 44,686 34,659
Greece 230,000
5,000 21,000
1,000 Portugal 100,000
7,222 13,751
12,318 Montenegro 50,000
3,000 10,000
7,000
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The Soldiers
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French soldiers waiting for their meal.
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Trench with French soldiers
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The Shell-Shattered Area of Chateau Wood, Flanders
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Scene in the trenches
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Looking out from the entrance of a captured
Pill-Box on to the shell ravaged battlefield.
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German POW, Spring 1918
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Child Soldiers
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Poison Gas
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The three main types used were - chlorine,
phosgene and mustard gas. Chlorine - a greenish,
yellow heavier than air gas which in its pure
form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it
will react in the presence of water to cause a
chemical burning effect on organic matter. Mucus
tissues of the human body are susceptible to such
chemical reaction because of 1) their organic
nature and , 2) they are always covered with a
film of water. Symptoms of chlorine gas poisoning
include vomiting, difficulty in breathing, a
burning sensation in the lungs, eyes, nasal and
mouth passages, watery eyes. In severe cases,
cell damage in the lungs leads to fluid buildup
in the lungs, loss of consciousness through
suffocation, and death. Phosgene - a colourless,
odorless, heavier than air gas formed by heating
carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in
that it will preferentially replace oxygen in the
cells and quickly causes an oxygen debt within
the body, unconsciousness and death. Mustard gas
- a caustic gas with a distinctive mustard smell,
it causes blistering and huge sores on any
exposed tissue, internal or external. Probably
the most used gas, with phosgene, in the war. A
nasty piece of business.
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Poison Gas Attacks
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American soldier wearing his gas mask
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Gas attack seen from an airplane
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Gas masks for man and horse demonstrated by
American soldier
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Effects of Mustard Gas
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Trench Warfare
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British Trench Diagrams

• Taken from the British reference manual on Trench
  Warfare, British Trench Warfare 1917-1918. The
  manual was originally prepared by the General
  Staff at the British War Office

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Schematic Illustration of trenches from a French
magazine.
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German trenches
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Soldiers of the US 332 Infantry, 83rd Division in
trenches with the Italians on the Piave
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US 18th Infantry, 1st Division troops in front
line trench, 20 Jan 1918
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Hand-grenade Combat
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Russians fighting while under gas attack
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German machine gun trench
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Death on the Battlefield
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Dead French soldiers in the Argonne
German remains at Verdun
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Death of a French regiment near Peronne
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German dead in frontline trench on the Somme,
1916
Russian soldier dead on the wire
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Destruction
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Mt. Grappa
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Avoncourt, France
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Rheims, France
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Shell Craters On The Battlefield
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Verdun Cloister of the Hotel de la Princerie
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Village of Esnes
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Weapons of War
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Machine Guns
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Barbed Wire
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Flamethrowers
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Periscope Rifle
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Phosphorus Grenade Exploding
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Austrian Skoda 305mm howitzer
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Krupp 420mm howitzer
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Italian artillery battery
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French 120mm guns
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Krupp railroad gun
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The Paris Gun
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Advent of the Tank
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French Renault PT-17 tank
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Original British tank prototype "Little Willie"
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British Mark I tank
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German A7V tank
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US Renault tank of C Company, 327th Tank
Battalion
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'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam
shuddering, turning to Frodo, who was now behind
him.   'I don't know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike
voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools
when the candles were lit. They lie in all the
pools, pale faces, deep deep under the dark
water. I saw them grim faces and evil, and noble
faces and sad. Many faces proud and fair and
weeds in their silver hair. But all foul, all
rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.'
Frodo hid his eyes in his hands. 'I know not who
they are'   "Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead,
all rottenThere was a great battle long
ago.... - J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the
Rings