The Fall of Greece

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The Fall of Greece The Rise of Alexander

• The Peloponnesian War and the Conquest of the
  Macedonians

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The Peloponnesian War

• Athens had grown very powerful. This made other
  city-states jealous.
• Sparta lead a group of city-states in war against
  Athens.
• War started in 431 BCE and lasted until 404 BCE.
• It ended cooperation among the Greek City States.

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Why was it called the Peloponnesian War?

• Because Sparta was located on the Peloponnesus.

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Pericles Funeral Oration

• Our constitution is called a democracy because
  power is in the hands not of a minority but of
  the whole people. When it is a question of
  settling private disputes, everyone is equal
  before the law when it is a question of putting
  one person before another in positions of public
  responsibility, what founts is not membership of
  a particular class, but the actual ability which
  the man possesses. No one is kept out of
  government because of poverty. And, just as our
  political life is free and open, so is our
  day-to-day life in our relations with each other.

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The War

• Athens had a powerful navy and was able to win
  battles and deliver supplies using this navy.
• Sparta surrounded the city of Athens. The
  Athenians didnt attack, they waited in the city.
• But, a disease broke out in the crowded city and
  many died.

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The War

• Sparta made a deal with Persia to help them win
  the war. Persia gave Sparta money, and Sparta
  gave Persia territory in Asia Minor.
• This helped the Spartans win the war.
• Sparta won control of the Greek territory, but
  within 30 the city-states rebelled and a new war
  began.

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The Rise of Macedonia

• Macedonia was north of Greece.
• After the Peloponnesian War, Greece was weak,
  which allowed Philip II to invade.
• He loved Greek culture and assimilated some of it
  into his own culture.
• He wanted to take over Greece to build an army
  strong enough to defeat the Persians.

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Alexander the Great

• Philip II was able to take over all the Greek
  city-states by 338 BCE.
• He trained his son to be a military leader. By
  the age of 16, his son Alexander was a commander
  in the Macedonian army.
• Philip was murdered, so it was up to Alexander to
  conquer the Persians.

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Alexander the Great

• Alexander became King of Macedonia at the age of
  20.
• In 334 BCE Alexander invaded Asia Minor. He
  began freeing Greek cities in Asia Minor that the
  Persians controlled.
• In the next few years he would capture Syria and
  Egypt, and build the city of Alexandria.

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Alexanders Empire

• Alexander pushed east into Babylon, and then into
  what is today Pakistan. In 326 BCE he crossed
  the Indus River into India.
• He and his army stopped there and returned to the
  middle east.
• He died at the age 32 in 323 BCE.

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Alexanders Legacy

• Alexander married a Persian woman and encouraged
  the people he conquered to cooperate with each
  other.
• He spread the Greek culture across his empire.
• He was a great military leader and strategist.
• His empire started the Hellenistic Era. It means
  the time of the Greeks.

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