HumanComputer Interaction

1
Human-Computer Interaction

• Mart Laanpere
• Tallinn University of Educational
• and Social Sciences

2
DigitalThink lessons

• Confusions related to course interface
• Orientation phase
• Buttons unexplained
• User can easily be stuck on lower levels
  (discussion threads etc.)

3
Human-Computer Interaction

• Human
• the end-user
• the others in the organisation
• Computer
• hardware
• software
• Interaction
• user tells the computer what (s)he wants
• computer communicates results

4
Practical implication of HCI

• Design,
• Implementation and
• Evaluation of user interfaces

5
Importance of HCI

• Productivity
• individual (e.g. installations, word processing)
• organisational (changing job content,
  satisfaction, working environment, power and
  influence)
• Safety (e.g. nuclear plants, flight control)

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A model of HCI
Organisationalgoal
Level 3
Socialsystem
Level 2
Work
People
Technology
Level 1
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Disciplines, contributing to HCI

• Computer science
• Cognitive psychology
• Social organisational psychology
• Ergonomics
• Artificial intelligence
• Linguistics
• Philosophy, sociology, anhtropology

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Factors in HCI
Organisational job design, roles, policies,
Environmental noise, heating, lighting,
ventilation,
Health stress, headaches
The user motivation, satisfaction, experience
Comfort seating
User interface I/O devices, color scheme,
icons, dialogue, help
Task complexity, novelty, allocation,
repetitions, monitoring
Constraints costs, timescales, staff,
equipment, building
System functionality hardware, software, network
Productivity output, quality, costs, errors,
production time
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Discuss...

• what HCI factors should be considered while
  designing the Web-based courses?

Category Factors
The user studentThe user instructorUser
interfaceOrganisationConstraintsProductivity
10
HCI design models

• Waterfall model
• The star life cycle model
• Rapid prototyping

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The waterfall model
Requirements analysis specification
System software design
Implementation unit testing
Integration system testing
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The star life cycle
Task analysis / functional analysis
Implementation
Evaluation
Requirements specification
Prototyping
Conceptual design / formal design
13
Rapid prototyping
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From instructional design to HCI design

• Task analysis, functional analysis
• Conceptual design, based on selected
  instructional strategies and tactics
• Physical design guidelines

15
Sketch

• a flowchart, depicting the instructional
  strategies and tactics you have selected for you
  prototype lesson.

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User Interface design guidelines

• E.g. UI design guide from IBM Web site
• http//www.ibm.com/ibm/hci/guidelines/design/
• Principles simplicity, support, familiarity,
  obviousness, encouragement, satisfaction,
  accessibility, safety, versatility,
  personalisation, affinity
• Web style guidelines specify a reason for the
  site, define your audience, etc.
• Site-specific conventions provide search help
  on the left side of every page on this site

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HCI resources on the Web

• IBM HCI design guide at http//www.ibm.com/ibm/hci
  /guidelines/design/
• Suns Web style guide www.sun.com/styleguide
• Designing killer Web sites www.killersites.com
• Jakob Nielsens AlertBox at http//www.useit.com
• Graphical design and visualisation, visual
  literacy
• Terry Winograd, Donald Norman