Status of SPES project

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Status of SPES project
LNL-INFN(REP) 145/99

• SPES (study and production of exotic species)
• First part
• SPES reference design and related RD programs
• Second part
• SPES Fase Iniziale description of the funded
  facility

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SPES
Target area
BNCT
Driver linac
Exp. Halls
ALPI
(d)
3
UCx
RIB production target
Converter
Superconducting main linac
Proton injector
Beam dump
BNCT moderator
RFQ
Trips
LEBT
rastering
TRASCO RFQ
Low energy high current applications
A/q3 upgrade
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RD program

• Proton source and RFQ development
• Primary linac design and development of cavity
  prototypes (reentrant, HWR, ladder)
• Development of 238U target and and optimization
  of fission fragment production
• Development of neutron converter in Be and 13C
• Interdisciplinary studies (BNCT) developments of
  ftalocianina boronate and microdosimetry studies
  at TAPIRO reactor .

Trasco RFQ
First two RF meters of SPES
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TRASCO RFQ first and second module
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RD program

• Proton source and RFQ development
• Primary linac design and development of cavity
  prototypes (reentrant, HWR, ladder)
• Development of 238U target and and optimization
  of fission fragment production
• Development of neutron converter in Be and 13C
• Interdisciplinary studies (BNCT) developments of
  ftalocianina boronate and microdosimetry studies
  at TAPIRO reactor .

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SPES nominal linac design (45 m, 100 MeV, 5 mA)
Superconducting quadrupole (MSU-LNL)
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?0.31 352 MHz Half Wave Resonator

• Goals
• 6 MV/m at Plt 10 W
• Energy gain 1.36 MeV/q at ?0.31
• 30 mm bore diameter
• No dipole steering
• Parameters similar to the ALPI QWRs

Electric field distribution
A. Facco and V. Zviagintsev SRF2003
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HWR construction
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Mechanical analysis of the HWR
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Superconducting Reentrant cavity

• Developed for high intensity beams
• 352 MHz, single gap, aperture 30 mm
• Wide velocity acceptance5?100 A MeV

• Successfully tested at 4.2K
• Free from high field multipacting
• Ea 7.5 MV/m _at_7W

Alberto Facco Capri 2003
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4-GAP SC LADDER RESONATOR (352 MHz,
b00.12) V.Andreev, G.Bisoffi, A. Pisent,
E.Bissiato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti T.Shirai,
Phys Rev ST
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Tolerances in construction and assembly checked
via a full-scale Al model
Rough Tuning by reducing Lcav as last
step Frequency and Flatness met at 3.3 mm cutting
The design of the cavity is concluded and the
construtction of the Nb prototype will be built
next year
V. Andreev, G. Bisoffi, A.Pisent, E. Bissiato,
M.Comunian, E. Fagotti, D. Micheletti - INFN
LNL, T. Shirai - ICR, Kyoto Univ.
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LINAC beam dynamics

• Superconducting LINAC overview
• Proton beam dynamics
• SPES upgrade Ions injector
• Conclusions

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Simulation constraints and characteristics

• Match the beam parameters at transition between
  different periods
• Avoid zero current phase advance per lattice
  higher than 90 degrees
• Avoid parametric resonance (in particular avoid
  longitudinal phase
• advance doubles transversal one)
• Keep the tune depression ((s-s0)/s0) as low as
  possible

• 3D Uniform Distribution at LINAC input
• 300000 macro-particles
• 10000 mesh points
• 3D space charge
• TRACE3D - PARMILA

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LINAC DESIGN
Baseline design layout Length 48 m Real estate
gradient 2.0 MV/m Low ? 37 S.C. Reentrant
cavities superferric quad doublets 20?100 MeV
74 S.C. HWR N.C. quad doublets
TTF Structure
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Simulation results

• Reliable design ( I5mA )
• Bore/RMS gt 8
• No losses on 3105 particles

• Negligible emittance growth (7)

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Alternative LINAC design
Baseline design layout Length 45 m Real estate
gradient 2.1 MV/m Low ? 13 S.C. Ladder
cavities superferric quad doublets 20?100 MeV
74 S.C. HWR N.C. quad doublets
TTF Structure
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Simulation results

• LADDER cavity linac
• Pro
• Results are very similar to the
• reentrant cavity configuration
• LINAC is shorter and with a lower
• number of components
• cons
• Ladder Cavity has to be tested!
• Single gap approximation has to be
• verified with a more accurate code
• This linac cannot be fault safe (mainly
  interesting for ADS)

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MEBT LAYOUT
LINAC
RFQ
BNCT
3 normal conducting bunchers
5 mA, 5 MeV Beam Line transport
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Ion Injector Overview
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Ions RFQ Preliminary design

• 6 segment 1.2 meters long
• Every segment with 4 RF cell
• Brazing modules as TRASCO
• C10100 Copper

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Thermal Study

• Water velocity _at_ 5.0 m/s
• 20 water cooling channel per cell
• Inlet water temperature of 15 oC
• Max water flow of 1.5 Liter/s
• Max Copper temperature of 37 oC
• Max power density of 35 W/cm2
• Liner power density of 61kW/m
• Max deformation of 50 µm on axis
• Max Von Mises Stress of 56 Mpa

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Injector Design

• Length 8.5 m
• Real estate gradient 2.1 MV/m
• S.C HWR
• Superferric quad doublets

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QWR with dipole correctiondeveloped by LNLfor
RIA MSU
The 161 MHz b0.16 MSU RIA QWR.
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IN
Ions Acceleration (A/q 3, I 9 mA)
LINAC Reentrant option
OUT
LINAC Ladder option
OUT
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Conclusions

• We have a baseline design with reentrant
  cavities at low
• beta, that can accelerate proton and ions up
  to A/q 3
• We will have another design option when ladder
  cavities
• will pass the test
• For both cases a full transmission (300000
  macroparticles)
• is achieved. Considering that a 100 MeV 5 mA
  proton beam
• correspond to 500 KW, we loose less than 1.7 W
  in the entire
• LINAC
• Emittance increase is negligible for proton (8)
  and
• acceptable for ions (15)

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RD program

• Proton source and RFQ development
• Primary linac design and development of cavity
  prototypes (reentrant, HWR, ladder)
• Development of 238U target and and optimization
  of fission fragment production
• Development of neutron converter in Be and 13C
• Interdisciplinary studies (BNCT) developments of
  ftalocianina boronate and microdosimetry studies
  at TAPIRO reactor .

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RIB Production LNL-GANIL PNPI (Gatchina)
collaboration
High Density Uranium Carbide Target
UC2 Rod r 11.4 g cm-3 f
11 mm L 28 mm
Ion source
extraction
UC2 target
1 GeV 50 nA
Release curve of 94Rb (T1/2  2.7 s)
RIB production target and ion source assembly
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von Mises stress, Pa
Radial stress, Pa
total displacement, mm
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13C - HIGH POWER NEUTRON CONVERTER INFN-LNL,
GANIL and BINP Novosibirsk Collaboration
150 kW, 20 MeV proton beam
Design of neutron target and ion source assembly.

Temperature distribution along the wheel radius
Carbon 13 sample irradiated with electron beam at
660 keV and 2 kW/cm2 power density. Before
thermo-cycle (left) and after thermo-cycle
(right). (Corresponding to 300 kW/cm2 for the
rotating weel)
Maximum of the temperature distribution for
different samples vs e-beam power density.
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RD program

• Proton source and RFQ development
• Primary linac design and development of cavity
  prototypes (rientrant, HWR, ladder)
• Development of 238U target and and optimization
  of fission fragment production
• Development of neutron converter in Be and 13C
• Interdisciplinary studies (BNCT) developments of
  ftalocianina boronate and microdosimetry studies
  at TAPIRO reactor .

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The SPES-BNCT Project (INFN Legnaro) An
experimental thermal neutron beam facility aimed
at the treatment of skin melanoma
The physical principle of BNCT is based on the
nuclear reaction that occurs when the stable
isotope 10B is irradiated with thermal neutrons
to yield 4He nuclei and recoiling 7Li.
The densely ionising fission fragments have
ranges in soft tissues (8 µm for the ? particle,
5 µm for the lithium ion) smaller than cell
diameter (10 µm). Therefore only the boron
loaded tumour cell will be injured.
The SPES-BNCT project aims to develop a thermal
neutron source by using the intense proton beam
provided by the 5 MeV, 30 mA RFQ injector of the
LINAC accelerator designed do produce radioactive
beams (SPES project). The aim is to obtain an
intense enough thermal neutron beam minimizing
both the fast neutron and gamma component
contamination.
5MeV 30 mA
Schematic sketch of a thermal irradiation
facility for BNCT treatment
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SPES FASE INIZIALE
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which will be the first step in the direction of
this challenging facility ?

• Taking into account
• The boundaries in terms of limited resources at
  LNL
• The European framework for the development of
  RIBs in the main laboratories.
• It was decided to launch SPES FI (fase iniziale)
  that will be
• a first significative step in the direction of
  SPES and EURISOL,
• a very good test for the high intensity community
  (ADS)
• able to serve a community of interdisciplinary
  physics and medical users
• The total investment will be about 18.7M over 5
  years

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Converter

• SPES fase iniziale
• Completion and installation of the 5 MeV 30 mA p
  injector
• Development and construction of the thermal
  neutron facility for BNCT
• Development and construction of the
  superconducting p linac up to 20 MeV
• Continuation of the RD program on RIB
  production targets

Superconducting main linac 20 MeV
Proton injector
Beam dump
BNCT moderator
RFQ
Trips
LEBT
rastering
TRASCO RFQ
Low energy high current applications
A/q3 upgrade
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SPES Test Facility and BNCT(Ep 20 MeV, I up to
10 mA)
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• Milestones in the first 3 years (INFN three year
  plan)
• 2004 Production of the Rapporto Tecnico
  Dettagliato, and the first design of the
  building. Production of the documentation
  necessary to begin the licencing procedure
• 2005Installation at LNL of the high intensity
  source TRIPS and of the
• LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport), e test of beam
  characterstics at high and intermediate current
  (30, 10 e 5 mA). Test of the prototype of in Be
  converter with e-beam. Tender for the building
  construction.
• 2006 Conclusion of the RFQ construction,
  assembling of the 6 modules and low power tests.
  Completion of the cryogenic tests of the
  superconducting cavity prototypes.

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TRIPS TRASCO p source (off res. RF)developed at
LNS (Catania)RF off resonance, 30 mA, 80
kVEmittance device from Saclay
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LEBT Layout
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TRASCO 5 MeV 30 mA RFQ
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TRASCO RFQ (5 MeV, 30 mA, CW)

• Brazed OFE copper
• Tolerances about 20 mm

wave guide

wave guide

tuners

RF loop

vacuum port
s

RF loop

coupling cell
s

Part built

7.13 m


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The RFQ

-
-

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In the clean room before brazing at CERN
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RFQ TRASCO first module
RF measurements after brazing
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The second RFQ module
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Explodet view of the target unit
1, 2. Be target 3-6. Target body 7. Flange
connection to D2O 8. Flange connection to
accelerator 9. Water cooling manifolds 10.
Graphite collimator
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MW/m2
Z
X
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Mock-up test under e-beam (TSEFEY-Facility)
IR temperature measurement 6.5 MW/m2, 1000
cycles
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The 20 MeV 10 mA linac
Transition with ext. doublet
MEBT
RFQ
1)
2)
22 m

• Straight linac with dipole for BNCT line
• (38 reentrant or 13 ladder)
• Full transmission (100K)
• lt5 emittance increase

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L-2-CRYO out 10 mA
R-2-CRYO out 10 mA
L-2-CRYO ENV 10 mA
R-2-CRYO ENV 10 mA
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RIB perspectiveNeutron production_at_different beam
power
Flux of neutrons (above 2 MeV) in the whole solid
angle for a thick beryllium target as function of
p energy.
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conclusions

• The facility SPES, based on a 100 MeV proton
  linac, allows 1013-14 f/s, 16 MeV/u after ALPI.
• An initial step, 20 MeV and high intensity proton
  linac, has been approved.
• An intense RD program on accelerators, targets
  and ion sources is pursued.