World War I

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World War I

• By Matt Girardi, Jamey Carrigan, Jimmy Ursini,
  Kristen Lang, and Carolyn Behan

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World War I- The Great War

• 1914-1918
• Lasted for 4 years
• Countries involved include countries in Europe
  and Northern Africa, as well as the United
  States, including
• The Central Powers Austria-Hungary, Germany,
  Ottoman Empire
• The Allies Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain
• Japan, Italy, and the United States later joined
  the Allies

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Causes

• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand-
  Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• Web of alliances forces countries to enter the
  war in this order Russia, Germany, France, Great
  Britain
• The United States entered the war after Germany
  sunk several commercial ships with U-Boats
  without warning, including the Lusitania

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The Web Of Alliances
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Major Events

• Archduke Ferdinand shot
• Germany invades Belgium
• Britain enters the war
• Battle of the Frontiers
• Battle of Gallipoli
• Lusitania sunk
• Battle of Verdun
• Battle of Somme
• Zimmerman Telegram
• U.S. enters the war
• Treaty of Versailles

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Ferdinand assasinated

• Born in 1863
• Died june,1914
• He joined the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1883. His
  military career included service with an infantry
  regiment in Prague and with the hussars in
  Hungary. While in the army Ferdinand received
  several promotions captain (1885), major (1888),
  colonel (1890) and general (1896).

• Born in 1863
• Died june,1914
• He joined the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1883. His
  military career included service with an infantry
  regiment in Prague and with the hussars in
  Hungary. While in the army Ferdinand received
  several promotions captain (1885), major (1888),
  colonel (1890) and general (1896).

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Germany Invades Belgium

• Germans attacked on August 3, 1914
• Belgium was neutral when Germany invaded
• Germany attack Belgium in order to get to France
• Belgium was under the protection of Britain, as a
  result Britain declares war on Germany

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Britain enters war

• Declared war on August 4th 1914
• Declared when Germany declares war on the neutral
  Belgium

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Battle of the Frontiers

• Battles fought along eastern France and southern
  Belgium
• Consists of two battles Lorraine and Ardennes.

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Battle of Gallpoi

• Gallpoi took place in Turkey, from April 15 to
  January 1916 during the first world war. A joint
  British Empire and French operation mounted to
  the atom bomb. Capital of Istanbul and secure a
  sea route of Russia. The attempt failed with
  heavily casualties on both sides.

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Battle of Somme

• British Introduce the Tank
• Too few to make a difference, but makes tanks
  available for later battles
• July 1- November 18, 1916
• Allies only gained about 5 miles of ground
• Victory for the Allies

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Zimmerman Telegram

• Germany asked Mexico to form an alliance with
  them
• Intercepted by U.S., caused public outrage
• U.S. entered war
• Mexico then declined the offer

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The Lusitania

• May 7, 1915 a German U-boat torpedoed the
  Lusitania
• 1,198 passengers were killed 128 Americans
• Germany had declared submarine warfare on any
  ships in British water
• The sinking brought the U.S. much closer to war

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Battle of Verdun

• Battle of Verdun was a very critical war between
  the French and the Germans.
• It was fought in northeast France.
• It started on the 12 of February to December 18
  In 1916

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The United States Enters the War

• Joined because of unrestricted German U-Boat
  warfare
• Germany repeatedly broke promises to stop using
  U-Boats to sink unarmed ships
• Zimmerman Telegram
• Entered war on April , 1917

Here we come!!!
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Treaty of Versailles

• A peace treaty signed by Germans and Allies in
  Versailles
• It was signed June 28, 1919
• It was signed after months of arguing by the Big
  Four
• David Lloyd Gorge- Great Britain
• Clemenceau-France
• Woodrow Wilson- U.S.
• Vittorio Orlando-Italy

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Effects of World War I
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Society

• Some people were homeless
• Many women and children were left to fend and
  take care of themselves
• Sometimes children and women would go months
  without having a full meal
• Children were being put to work at jobs they
  normally would've never even thought of doing
• The Ottoman Empire was divided shortly after WWI
  was
• The treaty of Sevres is a piece treaty between
  Ottoman Empire and Allies

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Technology

• Many new weapons were introduced during world war
  I such as the Machine gun, tanks, Artillery, and
  Gas Grenades.
• The Machine Gun- the machine gun was used many
  times and was considered a weapon of mass
  destruction
• could fire up to 600 bullets in one minute
• Tanks- known as the chariots of god
• they are giant blocks of metal that could carry
  1-2 people and were able to travel up to 5
  kilometers per hour
• Some were able to carry 8 men and fire 208 shells
  and 13,000 bullets
• Many broke down often and weren't as reliant as
  the older tanks

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Technology

• Gas Grenades - highly toxic and very affective
  weapons
• Germans had 3 main types of grenades
• Chlorine Gas- used during the battle of Ypres and
  killed thousands
• Phosgene gas
• Mustard Gas- burned the lungs of anyone who
  ingested it and many died slowly after inhaling
  it gas masks were issued to everyone near the
  front but still werent useful
• British forces used every kind of transportation
  such as trains, lorries, and taxis
• Phones and radios were the electronic ways of
  communicating
• Dogs and pigeons were also used

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Politics

• Most people were anti war
• The question about weather or not we were making
  that right decision of being in war often came up

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Women

• Many women had to do the jobs of men, they had to
  take on the responsibility of the men by working
  in factories and on farms and repairing
  airplanes. Jobs that they normally would not do.
• Women would also have to feed themselves as well
  as their children. They would sometimes have to
  wait in line all day for a piece of bread, and
  once they got to the beginning all of the bread
  wouldve been eaten and they would get none.
• Women would have to work multiple jobs just to be
  able to pay for food and keep the children fed
  and alive.

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Cultural Groups

• Many African Americans were eager to join the
  army

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End of the War

• Shots stopped at 1111am on November 11th 1918
• Altogether 10 million men were killed
• 29 million were wounded, captured, or missing

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Effect of the War

• There was a massive direct cost to all nations
  involved in WWI
• The Great War's financial cost was in the
  hundreds of billions of dollars
• Germany was basically bankrupt as well as other
  countries

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Reparation Conflicts

• The division of allies
• Germans thought there was no way to pay for
  reparations from the war
• Countries still disagreed with each other
• This lead to WWII
• Some people believe the first world war never end
  it just took a forty year leave

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Economic effects

• Increase in the USAs economic strength
• Decrease in national trade
• Regular trade patterns were disrupted
• The intense hatred of countries made the
  establishment of old trading patterns impossible
• Many politicians wanted revenge not the
  rebuilding of the state

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Key Terms

• Mustard gas
• Peace Without Victory
• The War To End All Wars
• Trench Warfare
• U-boats
• Zimmerman Telegram

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Mustard Gas

• It was first used by the Germans in September,
  1917
• Victims skin blistered, the eyes became very sore
  and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused
  internal and external bleeding and attacked the
  bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous
  membrane. Mustard Gas was extremely painful
• Muster Gas was so cruel it was eventually banned
  from usage in wars

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Peace Without Victory

• Woodrow Wilson wanted this
• It meant that there must not be a winner of the
  war, because tthat would lead to A resentment
  that would lead to more war.

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The War To End All Wars

• Is another name for WWI
• Called this because it was hoped that this war
  would lead to lasting peace

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Trench warfare

• Trench Warfare began during the middle of
  American Civil War.
• The soldiers were hiding in the trenches to
  protect from all the bombs and bullets coming our
  way.
• Some of the trenches were seven to eight feet
  deep. Some of the holes had path ways to help
  get around to other place.

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U-Boats

• U-boats were submarines
• Short for Unterseeboot (Undersea Boat)
• Germany had 29 of them

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Zimmerman Telegram

• It was a coded telegram that was sent from the
  Germans to the German ambassador in Mexico.
• It was stopped and decoded by the British and
  sent to the US.
• It was published in the New York Times and caused
  a public out cry because it looked like the
  British wanted the Mexicans to go to war against
  the US.

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Bibliography

• http//airbornecombatengineer.typepad.com/airborne
  _combat_engineer/satirehumor/index.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_ICauses
• http//www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/time_1915.htm
  l
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmerman_telegram
• http//bnrg.eecs.berkeley.edu/randy/Courses/CS39C
  .S97/gifs/zimmer.jpg
• http//www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageFrench_heavy_ca
  valry_Paris_August_1914.jpg

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The End!