Classification

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Classification
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• Classification- A grouping of objects or
  information based on similarities.
• Taxonomy- The branch of biology concerned with
  the grouping and naming of organisms.

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2 Methods of Classification

• 1. Aristotle 384-322 BC
• A. First method of classification
• B. Used 2 major groups
• 1. Plants
• Divided according to size structure
• 2. Animals
• Divided according to where they live
• Land or water

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• 2. Linnaeus 1707-1778
• A. Still used today
• B. Based on physical characteristics, close
• relationships
• C. 7 levels of Classification
• 1. Kingdom
• 2. Phylum
• 3. Class
• 4. Order
• 5. Family
• 6. Genus
• 7. Species

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Giant panda
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
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• King Phillip Came Over
• From Great Spain

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• Binomial Nomenclature System that gives each
  organism two names
• Genus 1st word, always capitalized. Group of
  closely related species
• Species 2nd word, lowercase. Descriptive
• Scientific Name Given in Latin
• Ex Eurycea bislineata- 2 line salamander

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• Taxon a group at any level of organization.

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Six Kingdom Classification
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Six Kingdoms of Living Organisms

• 1. Eubacteria
• 2. Archaebacteria
• 3. Protista
• 4. Fungi
• 5. Plantae
• 6. Animalia

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These kingdoms are grouped into 3 domains

• 1. Bacteria
• Kingdom Eubacteria
• 2. Archaea
• Kingdom Archaebacteria
• 3. Eukarya
• Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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• The three-domain system recognizes fundamental
  differences between two groups of prokaryotes.
• The organisms in Eubacteria Archaebacteria were
  previously grouped in a kingdom called Monera.

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Domain Bacteria

• Kingdom Eubacteria- new bacteria
• A. Prokaryotes
• B. Cell walls with peptidoglycan
• C. Unicellular
• D. Autotroph or Heterotroph
• E. Examples
• Streptococcus
• Escherichia Coli

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Domain Archaea

• Kingdom Archaebacteria- old bacteria
• A. Prokaryotes
• B. Cell walls without peptidoglycan
• C. Unicellular
• D. Autotroph or Heterotroph
• E. Examples
• Halophiles- salt lovers
• Methanogens- methane lovers

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Domain Eukarya

• A. Eukaryotes
• B. Includes Kingdoms Protista,
• Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

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Domain Eukarya

• Kingdom Protista
• A. Eukaryotic- Nucleus, moist environments
• B. Unicellular or Multicellular
• C. Some plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like
• D. Examples
• Paramecium
• Kelp

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Domain Eukarya

• Kingdom Fungi
• A. Unicellular/Multicellular
• B. Eats by absorbing nutrients from dead,
  decomposing organisms
• C. Over 100,000 species

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Domain Eukarya

• Kingdom Plantae
• A. Multicellular Eukaryotes
• B. Stationary
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. At least half a million species

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Domain Eukarya

• Kingdom Animalia
• A. Multicellular Consumers
• B. Have specialized systems
• C. Eat and digest others for food
• D. Have nervous systems, muscle system,
• and sense organs