Chapter 1 Themes In The Study Of Life

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Chapter 1 Themes In The Study Of Life
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Themes Compared
Textbook
College Board

• Emergent Properties
• The Cell
• Heritable Information
• Structure Function
• Interaction With The Environment
• Regulation
• Unity and Diversity
• Evolution
• Scientific Inquiry
• Science, Technology, Society

• Science As A Process
• Evolution
• Energy Transfer
• Continuity And Change
• Structure Function
• Regulation
• Interdependence In Nature
• Science, Technology, Society

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Hierarchy of Organization

• Atoms
• Molecules
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ Systems
• Organism

• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem
• Biome
• Biosphere
• Ecosphere

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Emergent Properties

• Order tendency to self organize
• Reproduction biogenesis
• Growth and development
• Energy utilization
• Response to the environment
• Homeostasis self regulation
• Evolutionary adaptation

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With each step upward in the hierarchy of
biological order, novel properties emerge that
were not present at the simpler levels of
organization.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
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How do we seek understanding?

• Reductionism reducing complex systems to
  simpler components
• Holism Study the entire system to truly
  understand it
• Biology balances the reductionist strategy with
  the longer-range objective of understanding
  emergent properties

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The Cell TheoryA Classic Story of Inductive
Reasoningby Schleiden and Schwann

• 1. All living things are composed of cells
• 2. All cells come from other cells
• 3. Cells are the units of structure and function

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Two Major Kinds of Cells

• Prokaryotic first cell
• Eukaryotic true cell
• All cells are highly ordered structures that
  carry out complicated processes necessary for
  maintaining life.

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E.M. of Prokaryotic Cells
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DNA Basics

• DNA is the substance of genes
• Double helix
• 4 Bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
• Self-replicating molecule
• Changes over time
• All forms of life employ essentially the same
  genetic code

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Form Fits Function

• Analyzing biological structure can tell us what
  it does or how it works
• Knowing the function of a structure can tell us
  how something about its construction

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Organisms Are Open Systems That Interact
Continuously With Their Environments.

• Living things both alter and are changed by their
  environment
• Materials are recycled
• Energy is lost as heat and not recycled

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Energy Flow In The Ecosystem
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Living Systems Are Regulated

• Many Biological Processes Are Self -Regulating
  Through Feedback Mechanisms

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Feedback Mechanisms
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Evolution, Unity, And Diversity

• The Evolutionary Connections Among All Organisms
  Explain the Unity and Diversity of Life.
• Living Things Both Alter And Are Changed By Their
  Environment

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Diversity Grouping
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The Three Domains of LifeWhere do viruses fit in?
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Descent With ModificationOn The Origin of
Species by Means of Natural Selection Nov. 24,
1859
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Darwin And The Galopagos
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Pieces of a Puzzle

• Observation 1 Individual variation
• Observation 2 Struggle for existence
• Inference Differential reproductive success or
  Natural Selection
• Natural Selection Is An Editing Process
• Evolution Is The Core Theme Of Biology

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The Process Of Science

• Science Is A Way Of Knowing

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Idealized Scientific Method
Inductive Reasoning
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Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning
Ifthen Logic
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Fishing For Answers
Guppy
Killifish
Pike Cichlid
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Theories Have Broad Explanatory Power Theories
Are Comprehensive
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