Chapter 1: The Science of Life

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Chapter 1 The Science of Life
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Objectives

• 1. Recognize some possible benefits from studying
  biology
• 2. Summarize the characteristics of living things

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Ch. 1 Biology I. What is biology? the study of
lifeA. Diversity of life

• 1. Biology study of all living things and how
  they interact
• 2. Organism anything that posses all of the
  characteristics of a living thing
• 3. No species live alone, they all effect one
  another

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B. Seven Characteristics of Living Things

• Living things are organized and made of cells
• biological molecules -organelles - cells
  tissues organs organ systems organism
• Cells are the basic unit of life

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• 2. Living things have the ability to reproduce
  and make fertile offspring
• Species group of organisms that can interbreed
  and produce fertile offspring in nature

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• 3. Living things grow (cell division) and develop
  (mature) throughout their life
• 4. Living things respond to their environment
• Stimulus a condition that requires an organism
  to adjust
• Response reaction to the changed condition
  (stimulus)
• 5. Living things maintain homeostasis
• Maintain stable internal conditions (temp, blood
  pressure. breathing etc)

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• 6. Living things use energy to do work
  (metabolism)
• 7. Living things adapt to their environment
  EVOLUTION
• The strong will survive and populate the area
  (evolution)

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Objectives sec 2

• Identify three important themes that help explain
  the living world.
• Summarize why evolution is an important theme in
  biology.

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II. Themes in BiologyA. Diversity Variety

• 1. All living things have unique characteristics
  that make them different
• 2. All living things also have similarities that
  can tie them together
• Ex genetic code

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• B. Domains Kingdoms of Life
• The three domains of life are
• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya.
• The six kingdoms
• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Protista
• Fungi,
• Plantae
• Animalia.

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Phylogenetic Diagram of Living Organisms
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C. Interdependence of Organisms

• 1. Organisms live in interdependent communities
  and interact with both organisms and the
  environment.
• Ecology study organisms interactions with
  environment

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Evolution of Life

• 1. Evolution descent with modification
• The process in which the inherited
  characteristics within populations change over
  generations.
• 2. natural selection nature chooses who
  survives (fits in best)
• 3. adaptations qualities that allow you to
  survive and reproduce

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Objectives sec 3

• Outline the main steps in the scientific method.
• Summarize how observations are used to form
  hypotheses.
• List the elements of a controlled experiment.
• Describe how scientists use data to draw
  conclusions.
• Compare a scientific hypothesis and a scientific
  theory.
• State how communication in science helps prevent
  dishonesty and bias.

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The scientific method

• 1. State the problem pose a question
• 2. Make observations inferences
• Observation using your senses to gather
  information
• Data facts, figures, gathered through
  observations
• Inferences interpretation of an observation

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• 1. Observe Is there ever a year in
• high school when all students are
• enrolled in physical education?
• Explain your answer.
• 2. Infer Is there a relationship
• between the number of students
• enrolled in physical education and their year of
  high school?
• Explain your answer.
• 3. Observe Can you tell which states in the
  country have the largest number of students
  enrolled in physical education?
• 4. Infer Based on the graph, can you explain why
  so few students take physical education in their
  senior year?

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• 3. Develop a hypothesis
• a. Possible explanation or educated guess based
  on your observations
• 4. Test hypothesis/experiment
• a. variables factors that can change an
  experiment
• b. independent variable variable that is
  changed

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• C. dependent variable factor that changes
  because of the independent variable
• D. controlled experiment all of the variables
  remain the same
• Use this as a comparison

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Controlled Experiment and Variable
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
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• 5. Measuring, collecting and interpreting data
• Charts and graphs keep the information well
  organized

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• 6. Drawing conclusions
• Summing up what you have learned
• State evidence that either supports or refutes
  the hypothesis
• Easy to write as an if then statement

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• 7. Communicate report your results to others!
• Others must be able to reproduce your work and
  get the same results
• Share information (especially with health care)
  to educate others

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Scientific Theory vs. Law (principle)

• 1. Well-tested concept that explains observations
• 2. Based on many years of experimentation
• 3. Nothing is 100 correct, but theories have not
  been proved wrong yet
• 4. Laws or principles are known to be true (law
  of gravity)

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Objectives sec 4

• List the function of each of the major parts of a
  compound microscope.
• Compare two kinds of electron microscopes.
• Describe the importance of having the SI system
  of measurement.

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Section 4. Microscopes

• 2 functions
• magnify (make bigger)
• resolution (focus in)
• Compound microscopes have more than one lens and
  allow you to view living things

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• C. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) allows
  the surface of an object to be seen up to
  100,000x
• D. Transmission Electron Microscope allows the
  internal parts of an object to be seen up to
  200,000x

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Units of Measurement

• Base and Other Units
• Scientists use a single, standard system of
  measurement, called the metric system.
• The official name of the metric system is Système
  International dUnités or SI.

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Units of Measurement

• Base and Other Units
• The metric system has seven base units.