Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

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Chapter 1Introduction Themes in the Study of
Life
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What are Themes?

• General principles or ideas that occur over and
  over.
• Themes are not a test item, but they are a
  framework to organize the study of Biology.

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AP Biology Themes

• 1. Science as a process
• 2. Evolution
• 3. Energy Transfer
• 4. Continuity and Change

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AP Biology Themes

• 5. Relationship of Structure Function
• 6. Regulation

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AP Biology Themes

• 7. Interdependence in Nature
• 8. Science, Technology and Society

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Themes in the Study of Life

• 1. The living world is a hierarchy.
• 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function.
• 3. The continuity of life is based on DNA.

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Themes in the Study of Life

• 4. Structure and function are correlated.
• 5. Organisms are open systems.
• 6. Regulatory mechanisms maintain balance.

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Question

• How do we know what is alive and what is not?
• What are the properties of Life?

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1. Order

• Living things are highly organized in structure
  and function.

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• Analyzing a biological structure gives us clues
  about what it does and how it works

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• Structure and Function are related at all levels

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2. Reproduction

• Organisms reproduce their own kind.

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• Life on Earth uses the nucleic acid and code for
  Heritable Information.

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3. Growth Development

• Organisms increase in size and complexity.

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• Growth - increase in size. Development -
  increase in complexity.
• Life - grows by internal changes.

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4. Energy Utilization

• Organisms take in energy and transform it to do
  work.

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• Organisms are open systems, they must
  continually take in energy.

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5. Response To Environment

• Organisms respond to changes or stimuli in their
  environment.

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• The speed of the response may be fast or
  slow.

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6. Homeostasis

• Organisms maintain their internal environment
  within tolerable limits.
• homeo same stasis state

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7. Evolutionary Adaptation

• Organisms change over time as they adapt to their
  environment.

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• Organisms must adapt, move, or die!

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8. The Cell Is the basic unit
of Life
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9. Organisms Die
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Science is

• A process.
• A way of knowing.

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Science is based on

• Observations
• Experiments
• Deductive Reasoning

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Observations

• Are the keystone to Science.
• If it cant be observed, it cant be studied by
  the Scientific Method.
• Can be made through your senses or through the
  use of tools.

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Scientific Method

• Outlines a series of steps for answering
  questions.
• Obtains evidence through the use of experiments.

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Scientific Method Steps

• 1. Identify the problem.
• 2. What is already known?
• 3. Formulate a hypothesis.
• 4. Conduct an experiment.

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Scientific Method Steps

• 5. Collect data.
• 6.Compare data to hypothesis.
• 7. Conclusions and new hypothesis.

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Summary

• We will see the themes at various times
  throughout the course.
• AP Biology students must be able to design an
  experiment to test a hypothesis.
• Why? This
  is a national exam test item.

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Homework

• Readings Chapters 1, 2, 40
• Lab Penny Lab
• Lab Report Wed. 8/28
• Chapter 40 Friday 8/30
• Chapter 2 Mon. 8/26