Title: Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
1Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter One The Pre-Colonial Eras
- Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 13-20 of the grad exam workbook.
2- Name the Holy Wars waged from 1095-1270 between
the Europeans and the Muslims in the Middle East?
3- As a result of these Holy Wars, what items did
the Europeans from the West discover in the
Middle East?
4- What is the name of the instrument sailors used
to find their position from the stars? - From whom did they get the device?
5- What is the name of the instrument that used a
magnetic needle to indicate direction?
6- What was the name of the new type of ship
developed during the age of exploration?
7- The time period in Europe in which individuals
sought to understand the Greek and Roman literary
classics is called_______.
8- What was the name of the movement in which people
began to question the validity of the practices
of the Catholic Church?
9- Who was the leader of the movement to reform the
Catholic Church?
10- Who was the Italian explorer, representing Spain,
who set out in 1492 to find a new route to Asia?
11- The Columbian Exchange was the sharing of
cultures between the Americas and Europe. List
five results of the Columbian Exchange. - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
12- What did the Spanish and Portuguese explorers
want from the countries of the New World?
13- Where did the French mainly settle in the New
World?
14- In what area did the English chiefly settle in
the New World?
15- List 6 major factors that led to New World
exploration. - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
16- What is the Spanish term for conqueror or
explorer?
17- Who led the Spanish to conquer the Aztec Empire
(in 1519)?
18- Who led the Spanish to conquer the Inca Empire
(in 1535)?
19- Who had better weapons . . . the Spanish or the
Native Americans?
20- How did the Native Americans react to seeing
fair-skinned people and horses for the first
time?
21- Name two diseases the Europeans passed to the
Native Americans?
22- Which explorer searched for the legendary Seven
Cities of Gold in the present day area of New
Mexico?
23- Who led the exploration of the areas of present
day Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi?
24- Who explored parts of present day Florida in
search of the Fountain of Youth?
25- What is the name of the first European city in
North America? When was it founded?
26- What island did the Dutch buy from the Native
Americans? - What is that city known as today?
27- In 1587, who was the leader of the first attempt
by the English to colonize America?
28- What was the name of the first successful English
settlement in the New World? - When was this colony founded?
29- The Virginia Company was what type of company?
30- What was the purpose of the founding of
Jamestown?
31- Which organization of the Virginia Company
limited royal authority and increased citizen
participation in the colonial government?
32- Which English colonies have plantations?
33- Many people who came to the English colonies were
indentured servants. What is an indentured
servant?
34- What three items were parts of the trade of the
triangular trade route in the New World? (see map
on page 19).
35- What were the two religious groups that separated
from the Church of England and settled the New
England colonies?
36- What did the Mayflower Compact guarantee?
37- Which religious group settled in Pennsylvania?
38- Which religious group settled in Maryland?
39- What is the economic system in which a nations
power is measured by its gold supply? - As a result, why are colonies needed?
40Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Two The Revolutionary War and War of
1812 - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 24-30 of the grad exam workbook.
41- Under what system were the colonies to supply
England with raw materials while England supplied
the colonies with manufactured goods and finished
products?
42- What is a market with only one supplier?
43- What is the name of the search warrant that
allowed customs officials the right to search
anywhere for illegal goods that had not been
taxed?
44- What are the two names used to describe the war
fought between France and England for control of
North America?
45- Each time Parliament taxed the colonies to pay
for their protection, the Parliament taxed them
without their _____________________.
46- What is the name of the event in Boston in 1770
in which 5 people were killed by British troops?
47- Who was the first black sailor active in the Sons
of Liberty who was part of the 5 people killed?
48- What was the name of the organization devoted to
protecting colonial liberties and protesting
British unfair policies?
49- What was the name of the event in which colonists
protested the tea tax by dumping a shipment of
tea into Boston Harbor?
50- Who was one member of the Sons of Liberty who
dressed up as a Native American and boarded the
ships carrying tea?
51- In response to the Boston Tea Party, what laws
did the British pass to limit trade and
self-government in the colonies?
52- When the British passed the Intolerable Acts, the
colonial leaders organized the ___________________
___________.
53- What did the colonial leaders agree to do at the
First Continental Congress?
54- Who was the prominent burgess from Virginia whose
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death speech aroused
the colonial leaders to revolt against Great
Britain and fight for freedom?
55- What was the name of the colonial volunteer
soldiers who were ready to fight in a moments
notice?
56- Who rode on horseback to Lexington,
Massachusetts, warning neighboring towns that
The British Are Coming?
57- Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
- When was it signed?
58- What are the four major principles found in the
Declaration of Independence? - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
59- What were the first two battles that started the
Revolutionary War?
60- What battle persuaded the French to enter the
Revolutionary War on the side of the colonists?
61- Where did General George Washington, the
commander-in-chief of the Colonial Army, train
his tired and poorly trained troops during the
winter of 1777?
62- Where did the British finally surrender in
October of 1781?
63- What was the name of the treaty in which the
British recognized the independence of the United
States, as well as the border of the new nation?
64- As a result of the Treaty of Paris, 1783, the
borders of the United States extended - in the north to ____________________________,
- in the west to _____________________________,
- in the south to ____________________________,
and - in the east to ______________________________.
65- What was the practice by the French and British
(who were fighting each other on the open seas)
of taking American sailors from U.S. ships and
forcing them to serve in either the British or
French navy?
66 67- Why did the United States drop its embargo
against France?
68- Why were War Hawk American politicians
infuriated with the British?
69- What happened on June 18, 1812?
70- Name the battle in which Andrew Jackson, along
with the Cherokee Indian tribe, defeated the
Creeks, Tecumsehs allies in the South.
71- At what battle during the War of 1812 was The
Star Spangled Banner written?
72- Who wrote The Star Spangled Banner?
73- What made Andrew Jackson a hero in the United
States and increased the feeling of American
pride?
74- At the conclusion of the War of 1812, describe
the agreement on land boundaries between Great
Britain and the United States.
75Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Three/Part A The United States
Government - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 34-39 of the grad exam workbook.
76- Following the Revolutionary War, the colonists
chief loyalty was to what?
77- What was the written document that protected the
rights of English nobles and influenced the U.S.
Constitution by stating that the kings power was
not absolute?
78- Who was the English philosopher who believed the
government should derive its power from the
people whom it governed?
79- Who was the French philosopher who wrote the
Social Contract Theory?
80- What idea was expressed in the Social Contract
Theory?
81- How did the Social Contract Theory influence
Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of
Independence?
82- Which philosopher believed that the government
should be divided into three branches?
83- What was the name of the general revival of
evangelical Christians in the American colonies
and led to a sense of American nationality before
the Revolutionary War?
84- What was the name of the first colonial assembly
of representatives?
85- What was the name of the first constitution of
America and when was it ratified?
86- What were the two strengths of the Articles of
Confederation? - 1.
- 2.
87- What were the four weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation? - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
88- In 1787, a convention met to change the Articles
of Confederation and create a new government,
what was it called?
89- Under the large state plan (the Virginia Plan),
the states would base representation in Congress
on a states population. Under the small state
plan (the New Jersey Plan), each state would get
an equal voice in Congress. What was the name of
the compromise that divided the Congress into two
houses?
90- In the upper house called the _____________,
each state has two senators.
91- In the lower house called the _________, each
state has representation based on proportion of
population.
92- What term refers to the practice of dividing
power between the national government and the
state governments?
93- What is a government in which power is divided
among various groups with all groups obeying a
system of laws called the constitution?
94- Why does the Constitution divide power among the
three branches?
95- Under the U.S. Constitution, which branch makes
the law?
96- Under the U.S. Constitution, which branch carries
out the law?
97- Under the U.S. Constitution, which branch
interprets or explains the law?
98- To keep the branches equal in power, the writers
of the Constitution created a system
of________________________.
99- How can a president prevent a bill from becoming
law?
100- Which part of the Constitution states the
purposes of establishing a new government?
101- What does the Elastic Clause of the Constitution
do?
102- Article One of the Constitution establishes the
_______________ which consists of a two-house
__________________.
103- Article Two of the Constitution establishes the
__________________ branch which gives executive
power to the __________________.
104- Article Three of the Constitution establishes the
___________ branch which establishes the
_______________ for interpreting laws made by
Congress.
105- What does the term ratified mean?
106- Who had to ratify the Constitution before it
became law?
107- The supporters of the Constitution were called
the _________________.
108- What did the Federalists believe the United
States needed?
109- List the three prominent Federalist leaders.
110- The _____________ were newspapers articles
written by Hamilton, Jay, and Madison that stated
the advantages of a federal union under the
Constitution.
111- The Federalists Papers were written to persuade
which state to ratify the Constitution?
112- The opponents of the Constitution were called the
____________________.
113- What did the Anti-Federalists think the
Constitution would do to the new national
government?
114- What was the most important argument the
Anti-Federalists made about the Constitution?
115- All states eventually ratified the Constitution
in ____________(year).
116- Social Studies Grad Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Three Part B- The United States
Government - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 40-43 of the grad exam workbook.
117- Changes in the Constitution can be made
through_________________.
118- Why did the writers of the Constitution allow for
amendments?
119- An amendment to the Constitution requires a
two-thirds majority vote of ____________ or a
special convention called by two-thirds of the
____________.
120- The first ten amendments to the Constitution are
called the ________________.
121- What five rights does the First Amendment
guarantee?
122- What rights are guaranteed by the Second
Amendment?
123- What does the Fourth Amendment say about
searches?
124- What two rights of the accused are guaranteed in
the Fifth Amendment?
125- Which amendment abolished slavery?
126- What does the 14th Amendment state?
127- Explain the 15th Amendment.
128- Which amendment gives women the right to vote?
129- What is the Electoral College?
130- Who did the Electoral College elected as the
first president of the United States?
131- As Secretary of the Treasury, what was Alexander
Hamiltons main goal?
132- Who favored paying the United States war debt in
fullAlexander Hamilton or James Madison?
133- Hamilton proposed that the federal government
take over the states debt from the Revolutionary
War. Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose
Hamiltons proposal?
134- Hamilton, Jefferson, and Madison worked out a
compromise on the issue of state debt which
involved moving the nations capital from
_____________ in the North to ________________ in
the South.
135- The Elastic Clause of the Constitution gives
Congress what?
136- In George Washingtons farewell address, what did
he say about Americas relations with foreign
countries?
137- In George Washingtons farewell address, what did
he say about political parties?
138- What did Washington believe good government was
based on?
139- What political party did Hamilton lead?
140- What political party did Jefferson lead?
141- Which party favored a strong central (federal)
government? -
142- Which party favored the states retaining much of
their authority? -
143- The Federalists wanted power in the hands of the
_____________ and the ________ while the
Democratic-Republicans wanted power in the hands
of the ________.
144- Which party wanted the nations economy based on
manufacturing, shipping and commerce?
145- Which party wanted the nation to remain
agricultural?
146- Who became the second president of the United
States?
147- Adams appointed ______________ as Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court.
148- What were John Marshalls views about the
conflict between the national government and the
states?
149- Which Supreme Court case established the idea of
judicial review?
150- With judicial review, who has the right to
declare whether laws passed by Congress were
constitutional or not?
151- Which famous Supreme Court case states that
Congress alone has the power to regulate
interstate commerce (business)?
152- Can the Supreme Court declare a state law to be
unconstitutional (illegal)?
153- Social Studies Grad Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Four Part A -Growth of a New Nation
(1783-1860) - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 47-54 of the grad exam workbook.
154- Which treaty ended the Revolutionary War between
the United States and Great Britain?
155- What act allowed land area from the Ohio River to
the Mississippi River to be made into states with
the same rights as the original thirteen?
156- What ordinance prohibited slavery in the
territory that would later become the states of
Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Illinois?
157- What country did the United States buy the
Louisiana Purchase from and when was the
territory bought?
158- Which president bought the Louisiana Purchase and
how much did he pay for it?
159- Did the Louisiana Purchase double or triple the
size of the United States?
160- Many native Americans were forced to move into
tiny parcels of land after the United States
purchased the Louisiana Purchase in order to make
room for white settlers. What are these tiny
parcels of land called?
161- Which two men led an expedition to find a water
route to the Pacific Ocean which, in turn, led to
rapid migration to the Pacific Northwest?
162- What was the name of the very talented native
American woman who became a translator to Lewis
and Clark?
163- What year did Alabama become a state?
164- What is the phrase used to describe the period of
national unity and optimism during the presidency
of James Monroe?
165- What is the name of the policy in which the
United States declared it would not interfere in
the affairs of European countries and, perhaps
more importantly, said America would oppose any
European intervention into the affairs of nations
in North and South America?
166- Who invented the cotton gin?
167- How did the invention of the cotton gin affect
crops in the South?
168- Who is associated with the invention of the steam
boat in 1807?
169- Which British engineer is widely credited with
the invention of the steam-powered locomotive
engine?
170- Which prominent senator proposed a plan for
national improvement called the American System?
171- What are the three important parts of the
American System? - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
172- What stretched westward from Cumberland, Maryland
to Wheeling, Virginia and then later, under Henry
Clays influence, eventually extended to
Vandalia, Illinois?
173- What provided a new shipping route from Buffalo,
New York to Albany, New York?
174- How did the Erie Canal affect New York City?
175- Who was the first man to rise from poverty to
become president of the United States?
176- Why has Jacksons presidency become known as
Jacksonian Democracy?
177- What is the Spoils System?
178- Which president started the Spoils System?
179- What does the Doctrine of Nullification state?
180- Who proposed the Doctrine of Nullification?
181- What is the name of the act proposed by Andrew
Jackson that forced the removal of five Native
American tribes into reservation?
182- What five Indian tribes were affected by the
Indian Removal Act?
183- About one quarter of Native Americans died on
this _______________ from disease, starvation,
and the exposure to the cold.
184- List the four major trails that became routes for
settlers heading to the West. - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
185- Mormons were a religious group persecuted for
their belief in polygamy. What is polygamy?
186- Many Mormons left Illinois and traveled to what
present-day state?
187- When gold was found at Sutters Mill, California
in 1848, what was the name of the huge migration
of people to California?
188- During the 1820s, which nation had control of
Texas?
189- What is the name of the old mission in San
Antonio where many Texans fought bravely to the
death for their independence from Santa Anna,
dictator of Mexico?
190- Which president, believing in Manifest Destiny,
led the United States to fight Mexico in the
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)?
191- Which two territories did America purchase for
18 million dollars at the conclusion of the
Mexican-American War?
192- Social Studies Grad Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Four Part B- Growth of a New Nation
(1783-1860) - Directions Answer each question completely
as you read pages 55-58 of the grad exam
workbook.
193- Describe the belief known as Manifest Destiny.
194- Early American writers created a literature that
mirrored the newly forming United States of
America. What term is used to describe using
settings and themes unique to our country?
195- Who wrote the first American dictionary of the
English language?
196- Who was the leader of the transcendental
movement?
197- What did transcendentalists believe?
198- Who wrote the book Walden and believed in a
simple life apart from society?
199- Who wrote The Scarlet Letter?
200- What famous two short stories did Washington
Irving write?
201- Who was the famous poet who wrote about
mysterious tales in such works as The Raven?
202- Who became known as Americas first great writer
and what famous novel did he write?
203- What were Emily Dickinsons poems about?
204- Who wrote the novel Moby Dick?
205- In theory, what is a utopian community?
206- List 4 groups that started utopian communities.
207- Where did the Amish settle?
208- What are some of the basic beliefs of the Amish?
209- Who established the Shaker movement?
210- What was the Shaker belief about marriage?
211- Who founded the Quaker religious group?
212- Why did the Quakers shake?
213- List 3 things the Quakers objected to.
214- What is the name famous educator who helped set
up the first state board of education (which
happened to be in Massachusetts)?
215- What was the name of the woman who promoted
legislation to improve mental institutions and
prisons?
216- What is the name of the movement that wanted to
get people to at first monitor their use of
alcohol and then abstain entirely from drinking?
217- What did the abolitionist want to end?
218- List five prominent abolitionists from 1830-1865.
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
219- What was the Underground Railroad?
220- Which woman was a prominent Underground Railroad
leader?
221- Who was the abolitionist who wrote the book Uncle
Toms Cabin?
222- Why was Uncle Toms Cabin so influential?
223 224- Who published the anti-slavery newspaper The
Liberator and established the American
Anti-Slavery Society?
225- Name the two women who started the Womens Rights
Movement in the 1850s.
226- What convention did Stanton organize to help
promote womens rights?
227 228- What amendment gives women the right to vote and
when did it go into effect?
229Social Studies Graduation Exam Study
GuideChapter Five Secession and Resistance
Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 62-69 of the grad exam workbook.
230- What does the word secede mean?
231- The South based its economy on _________________
while the North based its economy on
____________________.
232- What is the name of the tax levied (placed) on
foreign companies that bring products into the
United States to sell them?
233- Which side favored high tariffs? Which side
favored low tariffs?
234- The ________________ Compromise allowed Missouri
to be admitted as a slave state while the state
of _________________ was admitted as a free
state. According to the Compromise, all states
north of the 30-degree longitude line would be
____________ states and all states sough of that
line would be _____________________ states.
235- The Compromise of 1850 allowed which state into
the union as a free state?
236- What does the term popular sovereignty mean?
237- Which two territories were allowed to determine
whether they want slavery or not with the
Compromise of 1850?
238- What laws (which were very unpopular in the
North) mandated that northern cities forcibly
return slaves to their owners in the South?
239- Which act allowed the previously free and
unorganized territories of Kansas and Nebraska to
choose whether or not to permit slavery?
240- Kansas became known as ________________ as armed
clashes between pro-slavery forces and
abolitionist settlers became commonplace.
241- Which party began by opposing slaverys expansion
into the newly acquired American territories?
242- What happened to Republican Senator Charles
Sumner?
243- The Dred Scot Decision by the Supreme Court led
to turmoil in the United States. Dred Scot, a
slave in Missouri who was taken by his owner into
a northern state, sued to get his freedom. The
Supreme Court made 4 major rulings in that 1857
case. What were they? - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
244- Who ran against and debated Abraham Lincoln for a
Senate seat in Illinois and participated with
Lincoln in a series of public debates?
245- Describe the Lincoln-Douglas debates.
246- Who stated the Freeport Doctrine and what was the
doctrine about?
247 248- Explain the difference in views of the Northern
Democrats and the Southern Democrats in the
election of 1860?
249- Who was the Republican candidate elected as
president in 1860?
250- Which southern state was the first to secede from
the Union?
251 252- Where was the first capitol of the Confederate
States of America located?
253- Which president blamed the abolitionists for the
critical condition of the nation leading up to
the Civil War?
254- True or False. Lincoln would not allow the
Southern states to secede from the Union without
a fight.
255- The attack at ________________ by Confederate
soldiers began the Civil War.
256- What years were the Civil War?
257- Which county in Alabama proclaimed its neutrality
during the Civil War?
258- Which counties in Virginia tried to form a
separate government in support of the Union when
Virginia joined the Confederacy?
259- What did these counties eventually become in
1863?
260- What advantages did the North have in the Civil
War?
261- What was the Norths number one goal in the Civil
War?
262- What three things did the North need to do to
accomplish its goal?
263- What was the Norths Anaconda Plan?
264- What was the Souths major goal in the Civil War?
265- What two things did the South need to do to
accomplish its goal?
266- What two advantages did the South have in the
Civil War?
267- Did most people think at the beginning of the
Civil War that it would be a rather quick and
decisive war?
268- Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Six/Part A The Civil War and
Reconstruction - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 73-77 of the grad exam workbook.
269- The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major
battle of the Civil War. What was the result of
the battle?
270- What battle of the Civil War was the bloodiest of
the Civil War and how many people died in this
battle?
271 272- After which battle of the Civil War did Abraham
Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
273- Which Northern general was victorious at the
Battle of Vicksburg?
274- Which area came under Union control after the
Battle of Vicksburg?
275- Identify/define the Gettysburg Address.
276- Why is the Battle of Gettysburg considered a
turning point?
277- After the Battle of Chattanooga, which state did
the Confederates abandon?
278- Who was the Northern Admiral who cut off an
important rebel supply port at the Battle of
Mobile Bay?
279- Which southern city did Northern General Sherman
burn to the ground?
280- Explain the significance of Shermans March from
May till December of 1864?
281- Explain the outcome of the Battle of Appomattox.
282- Who suspended Habeas Corpus in Maryland during
the Civil War?
283 284- In what war was the draft first used in the
United States of America?
285- How much could a person pay to avoid the draft in
the Union states (the North)?
286- Which ethnic group resented the provision that
allowed a person to buy his way out of the draft?
287- How many African-Americans received the
Congressional Medal of Honor?
288- What was the Homestead Act (1862) and what area
of the country did that act help settle?
289- The Morrill Land Grant Act gave federal lands to
the states. What were the states required to do
with this land?
290- Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation on
January 1, 1863?
291- Explain the provisions of the Emancipation
Proclamation.
292- Which amendment abolished slavery in the United
States?
293- How many men were killed in the Civil War?
294- Many men died of disease during the Civil War.
What diseases did these men die of?
295- How did the Civil War affect the Union federal
budget?
296- How was industrial production in the North
affected by the war?
297- What is a recession and why did it occur in the
North at the end of the war?
298- Explain 4 effects on the South of the Civil War.
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
299 300- What three difficulties did the freedmen face?
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
301 302- Explain the impact of slavery on the family life
of the slaves.
303- Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Six/Part B The Civil War and
Reconstruction - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 78-84 of the grad exam workbook.
304- Which organization became one of the largest all
black churches in the United States after the
Civil War?
305- At the end of the Civil War, who built schools to
ensure that blacks learned some math and basic
literacy skills?
306- Who was the leader of the Radicals in the
Congress after the Civil War?
307 308- How did President Lincoln want the Southern
states to be treated after the Civil War?
309- Who assassinated President Lincoln and when did
this occur?
310- Who became President after Lincolns death?
311- What was Johnsons plan for dealing with the
South after the Civil War?
312- What was the reaction in Congress after Johnson
readmitted the Southern states when the Southern
states elected Democrats who tried to keep blacks
in servitude?
313- Which amendment says that anyone born in the
United States is a citizen of the U.S.?
314- List the four major provisions of the
Reconstruction Act of 1867? - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
315- Which president was impeached for firing the
Secretary of War after Congress had attempted to
limit his power of appointment?
316- Was he convicted in the Senate and was he allowed
to finish out his term as president?
317- Explain a few factors that led to Ulysses S.
Grant being elected president in 1868?
318 319- Which amendment gives all men the right to vote
regardless of color or race?
320- List the 5 major reasons the South had bitter
feelings regarding the North and Northerners? - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
321- Who were the Carpetbaggers?
322 323- Why was the Ku Klux Klan founded and what were
its designs?
324 325- Which acts gave the President the authority to
declare martial law in the South in order to stop
the KKK from terrorizing blacks and prevent them
from voting?
326- Which presidential administration was plagued by
corruption in dealing with bribes from the Union
Pacific Railroad?
327- Who was the Democratic presidential candidate in
1876?
328- Who was the Republican presidential candidate in
1876?
329- Who got the most votes in that election?
330- Who did the Electoral Commission decide the
election belonged to?
331- Explain the four provisions of the Compromise of
1877. - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
332- What were the Jim Crow laws?
333- When were the Jim Crow laws finally done away
with?
334- Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Seven/Part A Expansion and
Industrialization (1860-1914) - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 89-94 of the grad exam workbook.
335- After Reconstruction, which part of the United
States saw a massive increase in settlement?
336- What became the chief means of transportation
during the second half of the 1800s (nineteenth
century)?
337- Who were Cornelius and William Vanderbilt?
338- What were the settlers looking for in Colorado
and the Dakotas?
339- How did the Plain Indians depend on the buffalo?
340- How did the settlers use the buffalo?
341- As settlers began moving westward, what two
options did the Indians (Native Americans) face?
342- What were the reservations?
343- Who protected the settlers when the Indians
decided to fight back for their traditional
lands?
344- Define the Frontier Wars.
345- Define the Buffalo Soldiers.
346- How many buffalo roamed the Great Plains in 1800?
How many were left by 1889?
347- Which two Indian tribes were very dependent on
buffalo for food, clothing, and shelter?
348- After the buffalo population was decimated
(severely reduced), what became of the Indians?
349- What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn in
1876?
350- Which Indian tribes were finally forced to
surrender in 1877?
351- Where were they forced to move?
352- What area of the United States did the Nez Perce
Indians claim?
353- Who was the Nez Perce leader?
354- What did the Nez Perce Indians do when settlers
began to claim parts of Oregon?
355- Define the Dawes Act (General Allotment Act).
356- Why did many Indians fail as farmers?
357 358 359- What did the army believe about Sitting Bull, the
Sioux Indian leader?
360- What occurred at Wounded Knee Creek?
361- What is the Bessemer Process?
362- Who was given the patent for manufacturing the
six-shot revolver?
363- Who invented the steel plow and what is the
significance of this invention?
364- What is the windmill used for?
365- Joseph Glidden invented Barbed Wire. Why was
this invention significant?
366- How did the railroad aid farmers?
367- How did the farmers use the Grange?
368- What political party was formed in 1892 to
address the concerns of the farmers?
369- Why did the party disappear from the national
scene?
370- What is the Black Belt of Alabama?
371- What was the main product associated with the
Black Belt?
372- Why are boll weevils such a threat to cotton
(read the diagram on page 93)?
373- What major mineral deposits were found outside of
Birmingham during this era?
374- What industry became a major operator in
Birmingham in 1907?
375- Why was Mobile important during this time era of
the late 1800s and early 1900s?
376- Which industry used convict labor in Alabama
during this time?
377- Who was Cyrus West Field and what did he do of
significance?
378- Who made the first telephone transmission in
1876?
379- What famous invention is Guglielmo Marconi known
for?
380- Why was the radio so important in early American
life?
381- How did Industrialization affect the people of
the United States?
382- What became the new centers of people, ideas, and
culture in the United States in the late 1800s
and early 1900s?
383- Social Studies Graduation Exam Study Guide
- Chapter Seven/Part B Expansion and
Industrialization (1860-1914) - Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 94-101 of the grad exam workbook.
384- Who were the nineteenth century businessmen who
acquired much of their wealth by exploitation and
ruthlessness?
385- List the three most famous robber barons?
386- The robber barons believed in Social Darwinism.
What is this philosophy?
387- Which robber baron owned the Standard Oil Company
and created a monopoly in the oil industry?
388- Which robber baron owned a steel company,
controlled iron and coal mines, and owned
railroads and believed in the Gospel of Wealth?
389- What is the Gospel of Wealth?
390- Who wrote many childrens stories about people
gaining wealth through hard work and diligence?
391- In response to worsening labor work conditions,
workers organized into _____________.
392- Unions put pressure on the employers in an
industry to do what?
393- List three examples of laws regulating the
workplace that Unions fought to have put in place?
394- Which law in 1882 prohibited Chinese from legally
immigrating to the United States?
395- Which act of 1921 attempted to limit immigration
from Southern and Eastern Europe?
396- The National Origin Act of 1924 reduced the
number of immigrants from Southern and Eastern
Europe to _____ percent and prohibited all
immigration from _______.
397- Which movement developed in response to growing
corruption of politicians by the forces of big
business?
398- Progressives championed the causes of whoever was
being _____ in society.
399- Progressives fought to bring down _______ who
gained enormous wealth and power through bribery
and corruption.
400- Who were the leading intellectuals of the time
who wrote stories about the abuses of big
businesses on workers and consumers?
401- What book by Upton Sinclair exposed the miserable
working conditions and dangerous food quality in
meat processing plants in Chicago?
402- What was the name of the book Ida Tarbell wrote
about the ruthless practices of Standard Oil in
building a monopoly in the oil business?
403- Horace Mann began to push for ______ in the early
nineteenth century.
404- Which amendment gave the Congress the power to
tax business and individual income?
405- Which amendment allowed the people of each state
to elect their own senators instead of the state
legislatures?
406- Define the 18th Amendment.
407- Define the 19th Amendment.
408- Who was the progressive president who initiated
several major reforms while in office?
409- Which president established the National Park
Service?
410- Who was the Democratic candidate who won the
election of 1912 because Taft and Roosevelt split
the Republican vote?
411- What is the name of the commission that has the
power to investigate companies for unfair
business practices?
412- What act made sure that businesses couldnt use
the antitrust laws to break up union?
413- What is the name of the journey many black
citizens took from the South to the North in
order to escape unfair treatment in the South?
414- Who founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for
black citizens?
415- The Tuskegee Institute provided training in the
_____ and _____ fields.
416- What was the name of Booker T. Washingtons
speech that appealed to many black and white
people with its call for blacks to excel
educationally?
417- Which African American became famous for his
agricultural experiments with soybeans, cotton,
and peanuts?
418- Who was the first black graduate of Harvard
University who wrote several papers attacking the
philosophy of Booker T. Washington?
419- What was the name of the organization founded by
black and white intellectuals and joined by
W.E.B. Dubois that called for an end to
segregation?
420- What Supreme Court case stated that segregation
was lawful as long as the separate facilities
were equal?
421- The Alabama Constitution of 1901 added the
requirement of a _____ test or _____ ownership to
be able to vote.
422Social Studies Graduation Exam Study
GuideChapter Eight/Part A World War One and
the 1920s
Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 106-112 of the grad exam workbook.
423 424- Who were the imperialists in America?
425- Between 1870-1914, what three parts of the world
did several European countries seek to control
and colonize?
426- What three reasons were there for imperial
feelings in the United States?
427- What crop did many American businessmen begin to
invest in during the 1850s in the Hawaiian
Islands?
428- Who was the leader of the Hawaiian natives who
opposed the American settlers at the time?
429- When did the Hawaiian Islands become a territory
of the United States?
430- Which country had control of Cuba in the 1890s?
431- Which two American newspapers began to stir up
sympathies toward the Cuban peoples plight by
writing sensational stories about abuses in Cuba?
432- Define Yellow Journalism.
433- What American battleship anchored off the coast
of Cuba exploded on February 15, 1898?
434- Who did America blame for the loss of this
battleship?
435- The Spanish-American War lasted only one year.
When did it occur?
436- What two parts of the world did America and Spain
fight over?
437- Explain what Commodore Dewey did in the fight
against Spain.
438- Who were the Rough Riders?
439- Who was the leader of the Rough Riders?
440- What famous charge did Roosevelt lead in Cuba?
441- What territories did the United States receive
from Spain after the war?
442- Why did the victory over Spain in the
Spanish-American war make the United States a
world power?
443- Which American Secretary of State came up with
the Open Door Policy?
444- Identify the Open Door Policy.
445- Why did President Theodore Roosevelt want a canal
built through Panama?
446- After the Panamanians gained their independence
from Colombia, how did America acquire land for
the building of the Panama Canal?
447- What two diseases killed many of the workers who
were attempting to build the canal?
448- Who was Colonel William C. Gorgas?
449- Why did he attempt to drain the areas of standing
water in the Canal Zone?
450- What year did the Panama Canal finally open?
451- Explain Theodore Roosevelts policy known as the
Roosevelt Corollary.
452- Which country in Central America was the United
States repeatedly involved in militarily from
1909-1933
453- There are four long-term causes of World War One.
Briefly explain how each contributed to the
outbreak of the war. - Nationalism
- Imperialism
- Military Expansion
- Alliances
454- Which countries were in the Triple Alliance
during World War One?
455- Which countries were in the Triple Entente during
World War One?
456- How did the assassination of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand cause World War One?
457- There were four major new battle tactics and
innovations that occurred during World War One.
List them.
458- What was the significance of the Battle of
Verdun?
459- Who built the first military airplanes?
460 461- What four events caused the United States to
enter World War One?
462 463- What was the reaction in the United States when a
German U-Boat sank the Lusitania?
464- Explain the significance of the Zimmerman
Telegraph.
465- What event triggered President Wilson into asking
Congress to declare war against Germany on April
6, 1917?
466- Which group set up a communist government in
Russia?
467- What did the Bolsheviks do to stabilize Russia?
468- At the end of World War I, America was fighting
Germany with which two main countries as its
allies?
469Chapter Eight/Part B World War One and the
1920s
Directions Answer the following completely as
you read pages 112-117 of the grad exam workbook.
470 471- At the conclusion of World War One, the
Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken up. What new
countries were created by the breakup of this
empire?
472- Who was required to register for the draft in the
United States in preparation of future world
wars?
473- Name the treaty that ended World War One.
474- Which country in the treaty accepted
responsibility for causing World War One?
475- The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay
war reparations. What are war reparations?
476- How did Adolf Hitler use the Treaty of Versailles
to help his rise to power?
477- Which American president promoted the League of
Nations?
478- What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
479- Did the United States ever join the League of
Nations?
480- Why didnt the United States support Wilsons
position on the League of Nations?
481- Why did the League of Nations fail?
482- Who wrote the Great Gatsby?
483- What did Fitzgerald write about?
484- Who was Ernest Hemingway?
485- Why were Hemingways novels so effective and
popular?
486- List 4 of Hemingways most famous works.
487- What was the Harlem Renaissance that lasted from
1920-1940?
488- What two forms of musical expression came out of
the Harlem Renaissance?
489 490- Explain how Zora Neale Hurston influenced the
Harlem Renaissance.
491- Who was Claude McKay and what novel did he write?
492 493- Explain the significance of W.C. Handy.
494- What American woman is known for her advocacy of
contraception?
495- What were the Comstock Laws?
496- List 7 mass media and mechanical inventions that
became popular during the Roaring Twenties.
497- What was the result of these new inventions on
the way people lived and worked?
498- What was Marcus Garveys Back to Africa movement?
499- When did race relations in America reach an
all-time low?
500- How many members did the Ku Klux Klan claim to
have during the 1920s?
501- What three groups did the Klan attack?
502- What did the Communist Bolsheviks who came to
pow