ANCIENT GREECE

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ANCIENT GREECE
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Effects of Geography

• Access to the sea links Greek trade, travel, and
  economy to other countries
• Mountains make overland trade and political unity
  difficult
• Lack of abundant resources spurs Greek expansion
• Mild Mediterranean climate encourages outdoor
  civic and cultural life

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Mycenaeans

• Mycenaeans develop a strong culture led by
  wealthy warrior-kings
• Invade Crete and preserve some of Minoan culture
• Myceanaean kings defeat Troy and become the
  superpower in the Aegean region

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Dorians

• Mycenaeans fall and are replaced by the Dorians
  (next 400 years)
• Dorians have no written language and are less
  advanced-- The Greek Dark Age
• With no writing, verbal storytelling becomes very
  important.
• Homer composes the heroic epics of Greek
  literature The Iliad and Odyssey

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Rise of the Polis

• Basic political unit in Greece becomes the polis,
  or city-state (Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Mycenae,
  Troy, etc.)
• Each city-state is ruled by a monarchy,
  aristocracy, oligarchy, or direct democracy
• With cheaper iron, new type of army emerges, made
  up of citizen-soldiers (phalanx)

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Sparta (The Military State)

• Conquers the Messenians, who try to revolt.
• Government is oligarchy with some elected
  officials. Council of Elders
• 2 kings rule military. Who are citizens?
  Lycurgus most famous ruler.
• Education centers on military training. Women
  more respected than in other cities such as
  Athens.
• What did Sparta lack?

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Athens (Road to Democracy)

• Pisistratus extends citizenship to men who did
  not own land

Cleisthenes weakens nobility and gives citizens
more power. Creates Council of 500. (elected by
citizens)
Pericles introduces direct democracy in Athens

• Solon reforms the law code and introduces the
  assembly to give citizens a voice

• Draco creates a harsh law code

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Greek Mythology

• Myths help Greeks understand nature and human
  behavior
• Was the basis of Greek religion
• Myths entertained
• Taught values to Greek children
• Influenced architecture and art

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Effects of Persian War

• 140 city states form Delian League
• Athens becomes superpower of the League and
  transforms it into an Athenian empire
• All city-states in Delian League must use
  Athenian coins
• All trials must be held in Athens
• Pericles uses Delian League funds to build the
  Partenon and a strong navy

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Athens Golden Age

• Pericles is in charge
• Puts money into art and architecture
• Classical art order, balance, proportion
• Parthenon classical architecture
• Classical sculptors of Athens
• Phidias, Myron
• Theatre emerges
• SophoclesOedipus and Antigone
• Aritstophanes The Birds

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GREEK THINKERS

• HISTORIANS
• Herodotus (father of history) Historia
• Thucydides (1st scientific historian)
  --wrote The Peloponnesian War
• MATH AND SCIENCE
• Pythagoras, Hippocrates (father of medicine)
• PHILOSOPHERS
• Socratescriticized the Sophists questioned
  everything
• Platostudent of Socrates (The Republic)
• Only the intelligent should rule You must look
  further than what you see. (Cave Myth)
• Aristotlestudent of Plato (tutored Alexander the
  Great)
• The middle class should rule Think scientifically

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STATUE OF ATHENA by PHIDIAS
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THE DISCUS THROWER by MYRON
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