What is Islam?

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What is Islam?

• Dr. A. Atiyah

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In the name of Allah (God), Most Gracious, Most
Merciful
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Islam Meaning of the term

• Submission / Surrender

• Peace is the result

Islam peace through submission
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Basic practices (the five pillars)

• Shahada (affirmation)
  I testify that there is
  only ONE God and Mohammed
  is the final Messenger of God

• Salat (prayers)
• Five daily prayers, obligatory for all men,
  women youth

• Zakat (alms)
• Yearly distribution of 2.5 of the wealth of
  every well-to-do Muslim
• to the poor

• Sawm (fasting)
• Daily fasting (from dawn to dusk) by all
  men, women youth
• for the month of Ramadan

• Hajj (pilgrimage)
• A trip to Mecca (at least once in a
  lifetime) by all men women who are healthy and
  have resources

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Pillars of Iman (Belief)

• Allah (God)
• Angels of Allah
• Prophets of Allah
• Books of Allah
• The Day of Judgement
• Al-QadarPredestination/Supremacy of divine will

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Allah(God)
Some of the attributes of Allah

• The One
• The Alive
• The Eternal
• The Self-sufficient
• The King
• The Absolute
• The All-Knowing
• The All-Hearing
• The All-Seeing

• The Creator
• The Sustainer
• The Provider
• The Protector
• The Merciful
• The Loving
• The Just
• The Resurrector
• The Avenger

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Angels

• Special creation made from divine light
• Innocent, do not have free will
• Always obey Allah and cannot disobey Him
• Glorify and praise Allah
• Appointed by Allah to carry out His orders
• Record all the deeds of every human

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Prophets(may peace be upon all of them)

• Human beings selected by God (Allah)
• Deliver the divine message to mankind
• Exemplary individuals, free of sins
• All preached monotheism and were Muslim
• Include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus
  others
• Mohammed, the last and final prophet

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Holy Books

• Divine revelations to prophets
• Include suhuf,Zabur,Tawrat, Injil and Quran
• Quran
• The Last Testament
• Spoken word of god (Allah)
• Revealed to prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him)
• Guidance for all mankind

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The Day of Judgment

• Life on this earth is temporary
• All humans will be raised again on that Day
• Only God (Allah) has knowledge of that Day
• Everyone will judged according to his/her actions
• Righteous will go to Heaven (a place of peace and
  happiness)
• Wrong-doers will go to Hell (a place of
  punishment and suffering)
• The life in Heaven and Hell will be eternal

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The Kaba in Mecca
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Islam Values Virtues

• Supremacy of law
• Respect for women
• Respect for rights of others
• Justice
• Freedom
• Equality

• Discipline
• Patience
• Honesty
• Modesty
• Kindness
• Forgiveness

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Islam Rights and responsibilities

• Respect for rights of other fellow beings
• Parents
• Children
• Spouse
• Relatives
• Neighbors
• Orphans needy
• Non-Muslims

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Islam Examples of major sins

• Shirk (associating partners with God)

• Murder
• Adultery / Fornication
• Suicide
• Stealing
• Taking alcohol/intoxicants
• Gambling
• Usury
• Bribery

• Lying
• Back-biting
• Defrauding
• Jealousy
• Arrogance
• Cruelty
• Injustice
• Disrespect to parents

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Islam Understanding the terms

• Jihad
• Means to struggle
• Individuallyself purification
• Sociallycharity and sharing truth
• Fighting the oppressors
• Does not mean holy war

• Shariah
• Islamic law
• Safeguarding life, faith, mind, honor, property

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Islam Guidance for all aspects of life

• Beliefs
• Worship
• Actions
• Relationships Dealings
• Behavior Etiquette
• Economy
• Politics

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Islam Different from other religions

• The only real monotheistic religion

• Universal religion not linked to a person, place
  or race

• Belief in Day of Judgement Accountability

• Living with Shariah (Will of God)

• A complete politico-socio-economic system

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ISLAMA religion of Peace Justice

• A Muslim will not oppress, nor be oppressed
• ---- Prophet Mohammed
  (peace be upon him)

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• 57 Countries
• 1.3 billion muslims
• Indonesia largest
• country
• 20 Arabs

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History of medicine

• Dark ages in Europe vs Thriving Islamic world
• Translation of Greek and Syriac textbooks
• Scholars studies many sciences including medicine
• AL-RAZI (RAZES) 841-926 A.D.
• He published several books which were translated
  into Latin, French, Italian, Hebrew, and Greek.
• One of his main books is "Al-Mansuri" (Liber
  Al-Mansofis) which he dedicated to his patron
  Prince Al-Mansur. It was composed of ten
  treatises and included all aspects of health and
  disease.
• Another book written by Al-Razi was named
  "Al-Hawi", which means the complete text. It was
  composed of 22 volumes. It was one of the main
  text books in the medical school in Paris,
  especially its 9th volume on pharmacology.
• He wrote a treatise on measles and smallpox
  called "de Peste or de Pestilentia" which was
  translated to Latin in 1565 A.D. It is a
  masterpiece in clinical medicine (Browne 1962).
  It describes the clinical difference between the
  two diseases so vividly that nothing since has
  been added (Keys 1971).

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Al-Zahrawi(Albucasis,Bucasis,Alizahravius)
930-1013 A.D.

• He wrote mainly four books.
• Al-Tastif Liman Ajiz'an Al-Ta'lif which is the
  best medieval surgical encyclopedia. It was used
  in Europe until the 17th century.
• Heller stated that Al-Zahrawi described the
  ligature of arteries long before Ambrose Pare.
• Al-Zahrawi also used cautery to control
  bleeding. He used wax and alcohol to stop
  bleeding from the skull during cranial surgery.
• He was the first to write on orthodontia.
• He described a total of 200 surgical and dental
  instruments most of them were original.
• Surgery in the Islamic world became a respected
  specialty practiced by reputable physicians. On
  the contrary in Europe, surgery was belittled and
  practiced by barbers and butchers.
• In 1163 A.D., the Council of Tours declared the
  following resolution "Surgery is to be abandoned
  by the schools of medicine and by all decent
  physicians."

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IBN-SINA (Avicenna) 980-1037 A.D

• IBN-SINA (AVICENNA) 980-1037 A.D.
• Avicenna wrote 100 treatises, 21 of them were
  major of which 16 were in medicine. He wrote in
  philosophy, medicine, named Al-Qanon fi Al- Tibb
  (Canon of Medicine). It was an encyclopedia
  containing more than one million words. It was
  composed of 5 volumes
• Volume I- described the principles and theories
  of medicine.
• Volume II- contained the simple drugs arranged
  alphabetically.
• Volume III- described localized diseases of the
  body from the head to the toes.
• Volume IV- was addressed to generalized diseases
  of the body e.g. fevers.
• Volume V- explained compound drugs.
• The Canon contained all medical knowledge up to
  the IOth century. It was translated to many
  languages and was the reference for medical
  schools in Europe up to the 17th century.

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Anesthesia

• First, in anesthesia, the Arabs described in
  detail the pharmacology of important narcotics
  such as opium and other central nervous system
  depressants such as hyoscyamus and hashish
  (Khairalial 1942).
• Burton (I 886 A.D.) stated that "anesthetics have
  been used in surgery throughout the East for
  centuries before ether and chloroform became the
  fashion in the civilized West.
• The Arabs also introduced "the Soporific Sponge"
  which was commonly used for anesthesia in the
  middle ages. The sponge was soaked with aromatics
  and narcotics to be sucked and then held under
  the nostril to provide anesthesia prior to
  surgery (Keys 1971).

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Medicine

• One cannot help but look with admiration upon the
  way the Muslims handled their responsibility
  towards mankind. They not only preserved, but
  also added to earlier achievements in medicine.
  They have fostered the flame of civilization,
  made it brighter, and handed it over to Europe in
  the best possible condition. Europe, in turn,
  passed it to the United States of America, and
  the cycle continues.

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Infertility

• IVF
• Sperm/egg donation
• Surrogate mothers
• Cloning

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Abortion

• Generally not allowed

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Birth

• Large families
• Male vs. female nurses and doctors
• Maintain modesty

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Modesty

• Head covering
• Body covered
• Johnny shirts
• Public showers
• Swimming pools

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Circumcision

• Ritual
• Some health benefits
• Hygiene
• UTI
• SCC
• Phimosis/paraphimosis
• keratinization and HIV, other STDs
• WHO recommendation

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Dietary restrictions

• No alcohol or Pork products
• Halal meat
• Shell fish
• Food of people of the book
• Spicy food east Indian, north African

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Fasting

• Month of Ramadan
• Blood tests and surgeries during Ramadan
• Treatments after breaking the fast
• Who is excused?
• Eid celebration

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Sickness

• Taharah or state of being clean
• Colostomy, ileostomy
• Modesty
• Head covering
• Cloth cover the body
• Cataract surgery

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What is allowed?

• Blood trasfusion
• Cardiac valves

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End of life

• Euthanasia
• Active, passive
• Allow natural death, do not hasten death

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Organ transplant

• Allowed
• Debate about cardiac transplant
• What is brain death?
• What is cardiac death?

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Death

• Ritualistic washing
• Burial within 24 hours
• No cremation
• Some want to be buried overseas.

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Misconceptions
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Misconception 1

• In Islam, denial of human rights is OK because
• Islam is against pure democracy
• Islam tolerates slavery

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Misconception 2

• In Islam, women are inferior to men because
• a man can marry up to 4 wives, a woman can marry
  only one man
• a man's share of inheritance is bigger than a
  woman's
• a man can marry a non-Muslim, a woman cannot
• women must wear the veil
• habitus

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Misconception 3

• Islam is well-suited only to the Arabs because
• most Muslims are Arabs
• the Qur'an is in Arabic

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Misconception 4

• Islam rejects Jesus because
• Jesus is not accepted as the Son of God'

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Misconception 5

• Islam orders the worship of a man because
• Muslims are also Muhammadans'

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Misconception 6

• Islam tolerates the killing of innocents because
  
• Muslims can be terrorists
• Muslims engage in holy wars' (jihad)
• Islam spread by the sword
• it has a harsh and cruel judicial system

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Misconception 7

• Islam is intolerant of other religions because
• the Qur'an condemns the other religions as false

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Misconception 8

• Islam is a racist, afro-centric cult because
• Nation of Islam espouses the superiority of the
  black man
• The Nation of Islam recognizes God as a black man

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Misconception 9

• Islam produces a lazy, uneducated society
  because
• all things come from God, and so fatalism is OK
• modern technology and science are condemned

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