History of Early Hungarian Kingdom

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• History of Early Hungarian Kingdom
• Magyars
• 1000 Stephen I. (Saint Stephen) is crowned king,
  and during his reign Christianity is adopted and
  the structure of the Hungarian state is set up.
• 1541 Buda is seized by the Turks. The country is
  divided into three parts, the largest part is
  held by the Turks while Northern and Western
  Hungary recognises the Habsburgs as ruler and
  Transylvania becomes an independent principality
  pursuant to the Speyer treaty of 1570.
• 1683-1699 The Turks are expelled from Hungary
  with the help of the Habsburg emperor.
• Characteristics of Hapsburg rule constitutional
  independence Catholicism allegiance to Hapsburg
  monarchs

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Hapsburgs 1718
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• Hungarian History
• 1000 Stephen I. (Saint Stephen) is crowned king,
  and during his reign Christianity is adopted and
  the structure of the Hungarian state is set up.
• 1541 Buda is seized by the Turks. The country is
  divided into three parts, the largest part is
  held by the Turks while Northern and Western
  Hungary recognises the Habsburgs as ruler and
  Transylvania becomes an independent principality
  pursuant to the Speyer treaty of 1570.
• 1683-1699 The Turks are expelled from Hungary
  with the help of the Habsburg emperor.
• 1848-49
• War of independence against the Hapsburgs. After
  initial victories, the rebellion is defeated.
  Hapsburgs revoke constitutional independence of
  Hungarian state.
• 1867
• Hapsburgs reinstate Hungarian state.
  Franz-Joseph crowned king of Austro-Hungarian
  Empire.

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• Hungarian History
• 1848-49
• War of independence against the Hapsburgs. After
  initial victories, the rebellion is defeated.
  Hapsburgs revoke constitutional independence of
  Hungarian state.
• 1867
• Hapsburgs reinstate Hungarian state.
  Franz-Joseph crowned king of Austro-Hungarian
  Empire.
• 1914
• Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo
  leads Austro-Hungarian monarch to declare war on
  Serbia. WWI, and defeat of the empire, follows.
• 1918-21
• Hungary loses territory, and monarchy falls
  apart. Parliamentary system arises in its place.
  
• 1930s
• Hungary gravitates toward Fascist Germany. In
  1938, international legal decisions return parts
  of historical Hungary to Hungarian territory.

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• Hungarian History
• 1930s
• Hungary gravitates toward Fascist Germany. In
  1938, international legal decisions return parts
  of historical Hungary to Hungarian territory.
• 1941
• Hungary enters WWII on the side of the Axis
  Powers, having earlier declared war on the Soviet
  Union.
• 1944
• When Hungary tries to withdraw from the war,
  occupying German army deposes Hungarys prime
  minister and replaces him with a puppet PM.
  Opposition government in exile declares war on
  Germany. Shortly thereafter, the Soviet army
  arrives in Hungary, driving Germans out.
• 1945-49
• Parliamentary democratic republic restored.
  Communists elected in allegedly fraudulent
  election of 1947. By 1949, Hungary adopts new
  communist constitution aligning itself with the
  Soviet Union.
• 1953
• Imre Nagy becomes Prime Minister, but is
  eventually expelled from the party in 1955 for
  errors against Communist Party doctrine.

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• Hungarian History
• 1953
• Imre Nagy becomes Prime Minister, but is
  eventually expelled from the party in 1955 for
  errors against Communist Party doctrine.
• 1956
• Nagys attempt to lead Hungarian secession from
  the Warsaw Pact triggers Hungarian uprising.

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• Hungarian History
• 1953
• Imre Nagy becomes Prime Minister, but is
  eventually expelled from the party in 1955 for
  errors against Communist Party doctrine.
• 1956
• Nagys attempt to lead Hungarian secession from
  the Warsaw Pact triggers Hungarian uprising.
  Nagy and other leaders are executed.
• 1968
• Hungarian troops participate in the suppression
  of the Prague spring.
• 1987-89
• Democratic opposition groups form, and are
  tolerated by the government. Government
  experiments with limited market economy.
  Opposition and government negotiate a peaceful
  transition to multiparty democracy.
• 1990
• Soviet troops depart. First multiparty elections
  to parliament held.

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• Hungarian History
• 1990
• Soviet troops depart. First multiparty elections
  to parliament held.
• Early 1990s
• Center-right and center-left (including
  ex-communists) parties form.
• 1997
• Hungary joins NATO.
• 2003
• Hungarians approve decision to join EU in
  referendum.

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• Hungarian Government
• Parliamentary democracy (National Assembly)
• MPs from single member districts (45), regional
  party lists (25), and national party lists (30)
  
• Head of Government Prime Minister Peter
  Medgyessy leads center-left coalition government
• Head of State President Ferenc Mádl, elected by
  National Assembly
• Constitutional court has power of judicial review

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Some Famous Hungarians John von Neumann
mathematician. Edward Teller, physicist.
William Fox, founder of Fox studios Eva Gabor,
actress Zsa Zsa Gabor, actress Harry Houdini
(born Weiss Erik), magician Ferenc Liszt,
composer (also known as Franz Liszt). Peter
Lorre actor Bela Lugosi actor Joseph Pulitzer,
publisher and founder of Pulitzer Prize Elie
Wiesel, author and Nobel Peace Prize Winner
Adolph Zukor, founder of Paramount Pictures
produced first full-length motion picture George
Soros, entrepreneur and one of the world's
wealthiest men
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Czech History Middle Ages Early tribal societies
in Moravia and Bohemia. Despite invasions by
Magyars and Germanic peoples, Bohemian Kingdom
formed. 1300s Hussite movement presaged the
Reformation by challenging the Catholic Church
and King Wenceslas. 1500s-1800s Hapsburg rule is
tumultuous, featuring constant battles with the
Bohemian nobility, mostly over religious issues
and the degree to which the Hapsburg monarchs
would accept reformed and protestant churches.
None of the Bohemian rebellions against the
Hapsburgs was ultimately successful.
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Czech History 1867-1918 Under Franz Josef, the
Czechs participate in the Austrian half of the
geographically bifurcated Austro-Hungarian
political system. 1918-1938 Economic growth and
flourshing culture during the First Czech
(Czechoslovak) Republic. 1938-45 German
occupation. 1945-48 2d Czechoslovak Republic.
1948 Violent coup by Czech communists brings
nation into Warsaw Pact.
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Czech History 1948 Violent coup by Czech
communists brings nation into Warsaw Pact.
1960s Drift of Czech communist party away from
Stalinism and toward greater freedom, culminating
in the Prague Spring of 1968, and the Soviet
invasion crushing the movement. Alexander
Dubcek, a leader of the movement, goes into
exile. 1968-1980s Reestablishment of Stalinist
rule, called the normalization. 1980s Resurgenc
e of dissent, called the velvet revolution,
culminates in the peaceful overthrow of the
communists and election of Vaclav Havel as
president, and Alexander Dubcek speaker of the
parliament.
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Czech History 1993-2003 Czech Republic and
Slovakia split in the velvet divorce. Havel
elected president. Succession of center-left and
center-right governments. 1999 Czech Republic
joins NATO. 2003 Vaclav Klaus, who had been the
prime minister shortly after the velvet
revolution, succeeds Havel as president. Czech
people vote to join EU.
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Other Famous Czechs Gregor Johann Mendel
(1822-1884), geneticistsFranz Kafka (1883-1924),
authorMiloš Forman (1932), directorMartina
Navrátilová (1956), tennis player Ivan Lendl
(1960), tennis playerDominik Hašek (1965),
hockey goalieJaromír Jágr (1972), hockey player
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• Czech Government and Politics
• President Vaclav Klaus of the center-right Civic
  Democratic Party
• Prime minister Vladimir Spidla, of the Social
  Democrats, leads a coalition government
• Electoral system proportional representation
  (5 minimum) in both houses of the legislature
• Primary Issues
• Unpopular fiscal reforms pushed by the Social
  Democrats
• retention of welfare state?
• Impending EU membership, modernizing
  political/economic system
• Treatment of ethnic minorities (Roma)

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• Major issues in Hungarian politics
• EU membership
• Atlantic alliance / NATO
• Deficits
• Corruption (issue for EU)
• Discrimination vs. Roma minority
• Status of expat ethnic Hungarians

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2002 Economic Data, Source Economist
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FDI Source The Economist
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• Accession and Administrative/Judicial Issues
• Capacity
• What makes for an effective administrative
  bureaucracy?
• Why might accession countries lack this?
• In what ways must judicial capacity be improved
  in accession nations?
• Corruption
• Anti-corruption measures
• Difficulties