Budapest vrs. Libson

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The old city
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Buda
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Buda

• Buda is the western part of the Hungarian capital
  Budapest on the west bank of the Danube. The name
  Buda takes its name from the name of Bleda the
  Hun ruler, whose name is also Buda in Hungarian.
  An alternative etymological origin is the Slavic
  name Budimir.
• Buda comprises about one-third of Budapest's
  complete territory and is mostly wooded and
  hilly. It is usually associated with a higher
  standard of living, although this depends on the
  area. Its most notable landmarks are the Buda
  Castle and the Citadella.
• According to 1720 data, the population numbered
  about 30,000 people in 1,468 houses, of which 851
  houses were German, 559 South Slavic (mostly
  Serbian), 68 Hungarian, and 5 Slovak.

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Pest
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Pest

• Pest is the eastern, mostly flat part of
  Budapest, comprising about two thirds of modern
  Budapest's territory.
• Among its most notable parts are the Inner City,
  including the Hungarian Parliament, Heroes'
  Square and Andrássy Avenue.
• The name Pest comes from a Slavic word pec
  meaning "oven, stove" in reference to the ovens
  in which the bricks of homes were fired
• Pest was a separate independent city, references
  to which appear in writings dating back to 1148.
• Pest became an important economic center during
  11th13th centuries. It was destroyed in the 1241
  Mongol invasion of Hungary but rebuilt once again
  soon thereafter.

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Budapest Pre Roman

• The first settlement of Budapest was built by the
  Celts around 50 B.C.
• They called it Ak-Ink which translates to
  Abundant Water
• It is also believed that Neolithic, Chalcolitic
  and bronze and iron age cultures also had
  settlements in this area due to the abundance of
  fresh water.

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Roman Budapest (Aquincum)

• The ancient city of Aquincum was situated on the
  North-Eastern borders of the Pannonia province
  within the Roman Empire.
• Aquincum served as a military base (castrum),
  having been part of the Roman border protection
  system called "limes".
• Around AD 41-54, a 500 strong cavalry unit
  arrived, while a Roman legion of 6000 men was
  stationed here by AD 89.
• The city gradually grew around the fortress and
  after Pannonia was reorganized by the Romans in
  AD 106, Aquincum became the capital city of
  Pannonia Inferior.
• The city had around 30000-40000 inhabitants by
  the end of the 2nd century, and covered a
  significant part of the area today known as the
  Óbuda district colloquially referred to as Buda.
• People living in the settlement could enjoy the
  achievements of the Empire, like central heating
  in the houses, public baths, palaces, or
  amphitheatres for social events.

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Budapest under the Huns

• Most of Eastern Europe was invaded by the Huns in
  the early 5th century.
• Hungary was one of the capitals and longest
  lasting vestiges of power for the Hun
  territories.
• Attila made Budapest one of the capital cities of
  his empire, a fact reflected in the name of the
  city, believed to be derived from his brothers
  name Bleda, which translates into Buda in modern
  Hungarian.
• The Magyars (ethnic Hungarians) in particular lay
  claim to Hunnic heritage. Hungarian prehistory
  includes Magyar origin stories, which may
  preserve some elements of historical truth. The
  Huns who invaded Europe represented a loose
  coalition of various peoples, some Magyars may
  well have been part of it, or may later have
  joined descendants of Attila's men, who still
  claimed the name of Huns.
• The Hungarian national anthem is dedicated to the
  Huns and describes the Hungarians as "blood of
  Bendeguz" (the medieval and modern Hungarian
  version of Mundzuk, Attila's father).

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Budapest early middle ages

• The Huns empire declined in the early 8th
  century, and in the 9th century a group of
  Hungarians led by Árpád create a sovereign city
  in Buda.
• Research places the probable residence of the
  Árpáds an early place of central power near what
  became Budapest.
• Through alliances the seven to ten Hungarian
  tribes, notably Megyer, Keszi, Jeno and Nyék (who
  hold land in the Budapest region) establish a
  Kingdom of Hungary
• The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly
  proved that defense is difficult on a plain.
• In 1248 King Béla IV of Hungary therefore ordered
  the construction of reinforced stone walls around
  the towns and set his own royal palace on the top
  of the protecting hills of Buda.

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Buda Castle
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Budapest 1200s to 1400s

• The Italian Renaissance had a great influence on
  the city.
• The cultural role of Buda was particularly
  significant during the reign of Matthias Corvinus
  of Hungary.
• His library, the Bibliotheca Corviniana, was
  Europe's greatest collection of historical
  chronicles and philosophic and scientific works
  in the 15th century, and second only in size to
  the Vatican Library.
• The city grew to become a center for renaissance
  thought. Universities were established, many
  poets, philosophers and artists called Budapest
  home during this period.
• Culturally Budapest embraced Western culture and
  thought for the first time during the 12th to
  14th century.

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Budapest 1400-1600s

• Turkish occupation begins in 1541.
• The Turks are noted for changing the landscape of
  Budapest, particularly on the Buda side, erecting
  many bath houses and mosques.
• Most of the western farm lands became part of the
  Habsburg Empire.
• In 1684 the Habsburgs laid siege to Budapest for
  2 years unsuccessfully. In 1686 with a larger
  coalition army of over 74,000 men they are able
  to reconquer Buda.
• In 1718 the Kingdom of Hungary is officially
  removed from Ottoman rule and incorporated into
  the Habsburg Empire.

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Budapest 1700s to 1880s

• Much of the early reign of the Habsburgs was
  viewed negatively by native Hungarians, who tried
  to overthrow the government in 1848.
• The reign of the Habsburgs brought about great
  national prosperity and infrastructure
  development such as rail lines. Most of the
  historic buildings Budapest is famous for were
  built during this period.
• In 1867 Budapest was founded as the twin capital
  of a dual monarchy. It was this compromise which
  opened the second great phase of development in
  the history of Budapest, lasting until World War
  I.
• The Hungarian cause was carried most reverently
  by the beloved Sissi, or Elisabeth of Bavaria,
  who was queen of Hungary and spouse to
  Franz-Josef in the late 19th century. Because of
  this Sissi is beloved (and continues to be) of
  the Hungarian people in a way similar to Princess
  Diana in modern times.
• In 1873 Buda and Pest were officially merged with
  the third part, Óbuda (Ancient Buda), thus
  creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The
  dynamic Pest grew into the country's
  administrative, political, economic, trade and
  cultural hub.

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Budapest circa 1850
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Sources

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra-Aquincum
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquincum
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannonia
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
• http//www.unrv.com/provinces/pannonia.php
• http//www.civertan.hu/legifoto/legifoto.php?page_
  level875
• http//www.spasbudapest.com/tartalom.php?idx2
• http//www.speedylook.com/Budapest.html
• http//tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425822/2319289