The Crusades 1096-1291

1
The Crusades1096-1291

• Fight Gods war and you will conquer. Fight the
  Lords battle and you will be saved.
• Slogan used to motivate Crusaders

2
Historical Context.

• Power of the Pope increased because of Schism of
  1054
• Lay investiture
• Byzantine Empire weakened by Turks
• Jerusalem occupied by Turks
• Rumors of pilgrimages to Jerusalem became
  dangerous

In 1095, Pope Urban II calls for a holy war
against the infidels
3
Goals of the Crusades
Politics Military Religion
Goals
4
Joining the Crusades

• Required participants to swear a vow in return
  for an indulgence, which removed the penalties
  for any confessed sins
• Offered material gains
• Immunity from lawsuits
• Forgiveness of any debts
• Economic opportunities for all social classes

5
(No Transcript)
6
First Crusade

• Goal Capture Jerusalem
• Outcomes Captured Jerusalem
• Established Latin States of Crusaders

Latin States ruled by nobles
7
Second Crusade

• Goal King of France and Emperor of the Holy
  Roman Emperor led Crusaders to regain Latin state
  of Edessa
• Outcome Monarchs retreated
• After the Turks conquer Jerusalem

8
Third Crusade Kings Crusade

• Goal Recapture Jerusalem
• Led by monarchs
• Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire, King Phillip
  of France, Richard the Lion-Hearted of England
• Outcomes
• Barbarossa drowns, Phillips deserts
• Richard agrees to truce where Christian pilgrims
  could visit Jerusalem
• Pope, unsatisfied, called for 4th crusade

Rivals King Phillip and Richard the Lion-Hearted
9
fourth Crusade

• Goal Capture Jerusalem
• Not supported by monarchs
• Poorly funded
• Outcomes Knights attack and loot Constantinople
• Further weakens the Byzantine Empire

10
Outcomes of the Crusades
Politics Military Religion
Outcomes
11
How did the Crusades change medieval society?

• Read through the results of the Crusades
• Then summarize the results of the Crusades by
  adding the major political, economic, religious,
  social and intellectual changes on your chart

12
Results

• Authority of Church questioned
• Feudal lords power decreased when peasants dont
  want to return to manors
• Kings power increased as feudalism declined
• Trade increased when Crusaders bring back goods
• Towns start to replace manors
• Italian port cities like Venice prospered

13
(No Transcript)