The%20Byzantine%20Empire,%20Russia%20and%20Eastern%20Europe

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The Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern Europe
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Byzantine Empire Day 1

• High Middle Ages Test
• Textbook worksheet
• Notes on Constantinople, Justinian, and Byzantine
  Achievements
• Terms
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to
  1000 a.d. (c.e.) by
• a)explaining the establishment of Constantinople
  as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire,
• b)identifying Justinian and his contributions,
  including the codification of Roman law, and
  describing the expansion of the Byzantine Empire
  and economy, and
• c)characterizing Byzantine art and architecture
  and the preservation of Greek and Roman
  traditions on a book worksheet and terms
  worksheet.
•  

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Warm-up, Day 2

1. Who legalized Christianity and moved the capital
   of the Roman Empire to Byzantium?
2. Constantinople was a center of trade between the
   Mediterranean and __________ seas?
3. Constantinople was easily defended because it was
   built on a__________.
4. Who reconquered much of the Roman Empire and
   expanded trade?
5. What set of Byzantine laws were later adopted by
   European monarchs?
6. What is the name of this former Christian Church?
7. Religious images are called ___________.

Constantine
Black
peninsula
Justinian
Justinians Code
Hagia Sophia
icons
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Byzantine Empire Day 2

• Warm-up, Day 2
• Work on book worksheet, terms, and map (15
  minutes)
• Notes on the split in the church
• Schism chart (continue work on terms, book
  worksheet, map, begin review-15 minutes)
• Notes on the Crusades and the fall of
  Constantinople, and the influence of the
  Byzantine Empire on Russia
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to
  1000 a.d. (c.e.) by explaining conflicts among
  Eurasian powers, including the Crusades, and the
  fall of Constantinople explaining disputes that
  led to the split between the Roman Catholic
  Church and the Greek Orthodox Church mapping and
  assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and
  trade on Russia and Eastern Europe.

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Warm-up, Day 3

1. Which Church was headed by the Pope in Rome, had
   celibate priests, and used Latin? Eastern or
   Western?
2. What city was attacked during the Fourth Crusade?
3. Which group conquered and ended the Byzantine
   Empire in 1453?
4. Constantinople became capital of the Ottoman
   Empire and was renamed ___________.
5. The Byzantine empire influenced Eastern Europe
   and _________through trade and missionaries
6. Who invented this writing?
7. The Eastern Orthodox Church was headed by the
   ______, spoke _____, and was centered
   in_________.

Western
Constantinople
Ottoman Turks
Istanbul
Russia
St. Cyril
Constantinople
Greek
Patriarch
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Byzantine Empire Day 3

• Warm-up
• Notes on invaders (Mongols and Magyars) and Ivan
  the Great
• Finish Packet
• Game?
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to
  1000 a.d. (c.e.) by explaining conflicts among
  Eurasian powers, including the Mongol conquests
  and describing the emergence of the nation-state
  of Russia

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Byzantine Empire Day 4

• Warm-up
• Test on Byzantine Empire
• Movie?Game?
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to
  1000 a.d. (c.e.) by taking a test

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Warm-up, Day 4

• 1. Which information correctly completes this
  table?
•  Column 1Centered in Constantinople
• Column 1Accepted the authority of the Patriarch
• Column 2Used Greek language in liturgy

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• 3. The practice of Orthodox Christianity in
  Russia was primarily the result of contact with
  the
• Islamic Empire
• Persian Empire
• Mongol Empire
• Byzantine Empire

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• 4. One of the main accomplishments of Justinian
  was
• making Christianity the official religion of the
  Roman Empire
• stopping the Islamic conquest of Western European
  territories
• reconquering territory that had once belonged to
  the Roman Empire
• defeating an invading army of Ottoman Turks

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• 5. Which factor was most important about the site
  of Constantinople?
• Mountains for stone building materials
• Peninsula for easily constructed defenses
• River valley to provide rich farmland
• Desert oasis to supply fresh water

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• 6. In the 14th and 15th centuries, most goods
  arrived in northern Europe from Constantinople
  after crossing the
• Black Sea
• Indian Ocean
• Red Sea
• Pacific Ocean

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• 7. Which city is described by these facts?
• Rome
• Moscow
• Jerusalem
• Constantinople

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• 8. The Code of Justinian later served as the
  basis for most
• Indian religious ceremonies
• African trade agreements
• European legal systems
• Chinese government principles

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• 9. The information in this chart could best be
  used to explain why
• Islamic influence became dominant in Russia
• Russia had a long history of religious freedom
• Russia often attacked the Byzantine Empire
• Russia was strongly influenced by Byzantine
  culture

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• 11. Which empire is described by these
  characteristics?
• A. Persian Empire
• B. Ottoman Empire
• C. Byzantine Empire
• D. Mongol Empire

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Medieval Times

• The time between the fall of Rome in the West and
  the Renaissance (_at_ 1000 years)
• Byzantine Empire advanced and prosperous
• Western Europe state of decline and war

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Constantine

• Moved the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire to
  Byzantium (present-day Istanbul, Turkey)
• Renamed it Constantinople
• Legalized Christianity
• The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine
  Empire

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Why was Constantinople chosen as the capital?

• center of trade due to its location on a strait
  between the Black and Mediterranean Seas

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• built on a peninsula fortified with land and sea
  walls and protected by the Eastern frontier

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(No Transcript)
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• distant from Germanic invasions in West

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Justinian

• Conquered many former Roman territories
• Expanded trade

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• Codified Roman laws Justinians Code
• These law codes were later adopted by European
  kings

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Byzantine Culture

• Greco-Roman traditions continued to flourish.
• Greek was the official language (as contrasted to
  Latin in the west)

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Byzantine Art and Architecture

• Architecture - domed buildings like the Hagia
  Sophia (Christian Church)

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Constantinople and the Hagia Sophia
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• Mosaics Pictures made up of thousands of tiny
  glass, ceramic, and stone tiles

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• Icons Religious images
• Paintings and mosaics often used gold paint the
  pictures seemed to glow.

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Icons
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Libraries

• Byzantine monks copied and illustrated ancient
  Greek and Roman works, preserving them for future
  generations.

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Schism

• Cultural and political differences between the
  East and the West caused the Christian Church to
  divide (schism).

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Western Church

• Centered in Rome
• Latin used in the liturgy (church service)
• Pope eventually accepted as the leader
• Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted
  (priests could not marry).
• Became known as the Roman Catholic Church

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Eastern Church

• Centered in Constantinople
• Used Greek in the liturgy
• Headed by Patriarch
• Priests continued to be allowed to marry.
• Became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church
  (Greek Orthodox Church)

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Byzantine Culture
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Crusades

• In 1093, Byzantine emperor Alexis I sent a letter
  to the West asking for help against the Muslim
  Turks (Seljuks) who were threatening
  Constantinople and attacking Christian Pilgrims
  on their way to Jerusalem.

Alexis I
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Crusades

• Pope Urban (of Rome) called for a crusade or holy
  war to regain control of the Holy Lands (holy
  sites in and around Jerusalem).

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Crusaders Attack

• In 1204 Constantinople (a Christian city) was
  sacked (attacked, burned, and looted) by
  Christian Crusaders from the West.
• The Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire, but
  did not put an end to it.

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Ottoman Conquest

• Ottoman Turks (Muslims) conquered what remained
  of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.

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• Constantinople was renamed Istanbul and became
  capital of the Ottoman Empire

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Decline of the Byzantine Empire
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Influence of Byzantine Empire on Russia and
Eastern Europe

• Russia and Eastern Europe were influenced by the
  Byzantine Empire through trade and Christian
  missionaries.
• Due to a lack of geographic barriers, they were
  frequently invaded by nomadic groups

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• Orthodox Christianity
• Art (icons) and architecture (onion domes).
• Cyrillic Alphabet

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Saint Cyril

• Missionary who adapted the Greek alphabet to
  Slavic languages of Eastern Europe and Russia (so
  that they could read the Bible).

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Cyrillic Alphabet

• The Cyrillic alphabet gave the Slavs a written
  language and helped spread Christianity in Russia
  and Eastern Europe.

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Russian Orthodox Church

• Byzantine influence is seen here in art, in
  architecture (onion domes), and religion.

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Russian Icons

• St Nicholas
• Santa Claus

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Byzantine Empire Influences Russia
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Invaders of Russia and Eastern Europe

• Vikings
• Magyars
• Mongols
• Ottoman Turks

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Vikings

• Seafaring invaders from Scandinavia who settled
  in Russia
• At first they made slaves of the local people
  (Slavs), but eventually adopted slavic culture.

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• set up trade routes along rivers between the
  Black and Baltic Seas.
• sailed to from the Baltic to Constantinople and
  trading amber and other goods.

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Vikings
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Magyars

• Nomadic herders from Central Asia who invaded
  Europe
• Settled in Hungary

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Mongols

• Fierce nomads from Central Asia
• Invaded Russia, China, and Eastern Europe and
  Southwest Asia.

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Mongol Empire

• Created an Empire

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Ivan the Great
Ivan the Great

• Freed Moscow from the Mongols
• United and expanded the Russian Nation

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• Took the title of Tsar (from Caesar)
• Ruled with absolute power

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Ivan the Great

• Appointed himself protector of the Orthodox
  Church

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West East
Name of Religion Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox
Language Latin Greek
Center Rome Constantinople
Marriage of priests Priests celibate (eventually accepted) Priests continued to marry
Religious Leader Pope eventually accepted Patriarch (chosen by emperor)
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• These four horses (bronze) were made for
  Alexander the Great.The Roman Emperor August had
  them shipped from Alexandria to Rome.The Emperor
  Constantine had the horses transferred to
  Constantinople where they were shown in the
  Hippodrome.The Venitians (Fourth Crusade, 1204)
  took the horses as loot and displayed them before
  the Church of San Marco in Venice.