Bell Ringer

1
Bell Ringer

• What new technologies allowed Europeans to make
  voyages of exploration?
• This Day in History
• August 25, 1939- The Wizard of Oz debuts in
  theaters.
• August 25, 1944- After four years under Nazi
  occupation, Paris is liberated by the Allies.

2
Europeans Set Sail
3
Middle Ages

• In the 480s the Franks conquered the Gauls in the
  area of land now known as France.
• They expanded their empire but the king could not
  defend his lands.
• The system of nobles, knights, and peasants began
  as a result (feudalism)

4
(No Transcript)
5
The Crusades

• A long series of wars fought between Christians
  and Muslims over the Holy Lands began in 1096 and
  would last until 1272.
• The Christians would lose but the Crusades would
  increase trade between Europe and Asia.

6
Increased Trade

• During the Middle Ages new farming technology
  allowed cities to grow larger.
• Trade increased from Asia to Europe along the
  Silk road. Marco Polo traveled this route and
  came back with spices, coal, and paper money.
• However, these trade routes helped spread the
  Bubonic Plague (Black Death).
• This lead to the end of the feudal system.

7
The Renaissance

• Order and stability was brought during this time
  period as kings increased power over the nobles.
• There was a rebirth of knowledge and ideas that
  started in Italy and spread across Europe.

8
Renaissance

• Reemergence of ancient texts from ancient Greece
  and Rome.
• There was a shift from religion to the
  humanities. Art, literature, science, and
  political thought were valued.
• Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press
  which allowed the mass production of books and
  newspapers.

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
The Vikings Reach America

• The Vikings raided throughout Europe but they
  also set up trading posts in Iceland and
  Greenland in the North Atlantic.
• In 1000 Leif Eriksson stumbled upon the North
  American coast after his ship was blown off
  course.

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal

• Established a school for sailors in navigation.
• Financed research for mapmakers and shipbuilders.
• Paid for expeditions to explore Africa.

17
Reasons for Exploration

• Europeans wanted to bypass the merchants who had
  a monopoly on spices from the silk road.
• Christians wanted to convert Asians to
  Christianity.
• Europeans were interested in Asian cultures after
  Marco Polos book about travel to Asia.

18
Technological Advancements

• Astrolabe was a device that enabled navigators to
  learn their ships location by charting the
  position of the stars.
• Caravel were ships with triangular sails that
  allowed them to sail against the wind.
• The Chinese introduced Europeans to the magnetic
  compass.

19
Portuguese Exploration

• Bartolomeu Dias was the first sailor to sail
  around the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa.
• Vasco Da Gama was the first to reach India from
  Europe via boat.

20
(No Transcript)
21
Impact of Portuguese Exploration

• As the Portuguese sailed along the coast of
  Africa they began negotiating for gold, ivory,
  and slaves.
• Enslaved Africans were sent to Europe and islands
  in the Atlantic.
• Other countries followed Portugals example
  because of the increased wealth and power that
  Portugal gained.

22
Europeans Set Sail