Chapter 1

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Butler High School Mr. Sambrotto The
advancement and diffusion of knowledge is the
only guardian of true liberty. - James Madison
American History I
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Class Procedures

• Do not disrupt the learning process.

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• American History IA The Founding
  PrinciplesAmerican History 1 1492
  1877(European Discovery - Civil War and
  Reconstruction)
• American History II The Founding Principles
• American History 2 1877 Present(Civil War
  and Reconstruction to present day)
• American History?
• What is America?
• United States History?
• What is history of the country?
• So, why do we call it American History?
• What is the history of the American People?
• Who are the American are YOU?
• The New Face of America

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Homework

• Review Classroom Procedures and sign half sheet
  (parent/guardian, you)
• Read The New Face of America and answer the
  questions.
• Ask a parent or relative (if you dont already
  know) your ancestors country of origin BEFORE
  they came to the United States.
• Find the national flag for your ancestors
  country of origin and draw it (in color) on the
  note card

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The New Face of Americans

• Unless youre Native American, you came from
  somewhere else
• melting pot?
• salad bowl?
• mosaic?
• burrito?
• 2. This hasnt always been true
• 3. Three Phases of American History
• a. Pre-European Arrival (to 1492)
• b. Age of European Dominance (1492-present)
• c. Post-European Dominance (?)

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Warm-up QuestionsOn a blank sheet of paper, copy
and answer the following questions

1. Demographers predict that by 2042 the United
   States will be a _____________________ country
   when minorities out-number whites.
2. What states already have larger minority
   populations than whites?
3. What countries have sent the most immigrants to
   the U.S. since 1965?
4. What is the most controversial issue relating to
   immigrants?
5. What do some Americans want to do to resist the
   changing demographics?

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Unit 1 The Foundation of European Colonies
(1492-1733)
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Unit 1. Pre-European / Pre-historic America

• A. The 1st Americans cross land bridge over
  Bering Sea
• 1. 50 to 20 thousand years agoSiberian hunters
  became first American inhabitants
• 2. 14,000 years agohumans reached tip of South
  America
• 3. The oldest complete skeleton 12,000 years
  old
• B. Pre-Columbian civilizations
  __________________
• 1. 10 to 75 million people
• a. South America _______________
• b. Central America Mayas (Yucatan) and
  _____________ (Mexico)
• North America - _______________ (NY),
  ____________ (South), Mississippians, Pueblo
  (Southwest)
• The Black Legend, Native Americans and
  Spaniards

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Routes of the First Americans
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Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture
Areas in the 1600s
back
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Pre-Columbian AmericansPoster Activity

• In your group using pp.4-17 in text
• Create a chart that contains the 4 categories of
  information on the chart handout for your
  assigned American Indian Group
• Create a LARGE box/area in the middle of your
  poster to produce an illustration that represents
  the unique cultural characteristics of your
  assigned American Indian group
• In each section of your chart list the
  appropriate information for your American Indian
  group from the chart.
• When completed, hang your poster on the wall, and
  begin copying information from other groups
  posters onto your chart.

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American Indian Group Name
Tribes and Locations
Way of Living (Economy)
Illustrations
Impact of Environment
Significant Technology
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• 2. Pre-Columbian Ways of Life (Economy)
• ____________ (men) and _____________ (women)
  deer, bison, bear
• b. ____________ (women) corn, squash, beans
  (Three Sisters)
• 3. Environmental Impact led to technological
  adaptations
• ________________ trees for houses/canoes
  rivers for irrigation/transportation animal
  furs/grasses for clothes plentiful water helped
  agriculture shared farming techniques and fur
  trade with
• ___________________
• b. _______________ dry, arid, grasslands, huge
  herds of bison few trees for houses lived in
  ________________ for mobility ____________
  followed migration of Bison, advanced hunting
  skills
• c. _______________ dry, arid desert farming
  required irrigation few trees for houses. lived
  in adobe (clay bricks) pueblos
• d. ________________ Pacific Ocean and rivers
  supplied fish and other food sources wet climate
  good for farming large trees for building houses
  and totem poles

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American Indian Housing
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What caused Europeans to begin exploring the
world and expanding their territories?

• Write a Thesis Statement that answers this
  question and includes 3 major factors from your
  homework that would support this statement.

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• C. Pre-Columbian EUROPE
• Medieval Europe (_________________) small
  isolated kingdoms with strict rules separating
  nobles from peasants (rigid class system)
• Conditions changed in Europe that led to
  exploration of far-away places
• _____________ 1096-1270 Christian effort
  toforce ___________ out of the Holy Land
  (FAILED)
• Sparked ____________ in__________between Europe
  and Asia
• _______________ social hierarchy in Europe as
  many nobles died at war surviving monarchs
  expanded their power and empire

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• b. Trade and Commerce
• _________________ to China in 1200s
• Europeans developed taste for Asia stuff silk,
  porcelain, tea, rugs___________
• Italy (_______________) became the crossroads
  between Asia and Europe center of trade (the
  Middle Man)
• The rise of a new Merchant Class (middle class)
• c. Population growth
• 1. the end of the Bubonic Plague
  (____________) by 1500
• 2. People lived longer, and began moving to
  _____________________
• 3. cities were place to get Asian goods
  ____________________

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• d. Rise of powerful ________________________
• 1. Monarchs expanded _______________ (fewer left
  after Crusades)
• 2. raised taxes, raised _____________, created
  strong central govts.
• 3. Portugal, Spain, France, and England (Great
  Britain)
• 4. saw new merchants as source of power
• 5. funded ___________________ to expand trade
  and wealth
• e. The ______________________ Rebirth
• 1. rebirth in interest in physical world
  (science and nature)
• 2. rebirth in curiosity noble spirit age
  of scientific discovery and innovation
• 3. celebrated individual achievement
  (_________________)
• f. Technological improvements Prince Henry of
  Portugal
• 1. ________________ (ship) Spain and Portugal
  lighter, faster, more mobile
  ________________________
• 2. ___________________ and Astrolabe improved
  navigation
• 3. Mercator Map charted shipping routes to
  Asia and the New World

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• C. European Arrivals
• 1. 1000 CE - _________________(Erik the Red,
  Leif Erikson) in Newfoundland (Canada)
• 1492 CE Christopher Columbus (____________)
  discovered island of Hispaniola mistakenly
  called people Indians
• Jimmy Kimmel on Columbus
• 3. 1497 CE John Cabot (_____________________)
  explored northern America (Newfoundland)
• 4. 1499 CE ________________________(Spain)
  mapped east coast of South America
• 5. 1500 CE Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for
  Portugal
• 6. 1507 CE Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain) Puerto
  Rico 1513 _______________ searching for
  Fountain of Youth
• 7. 1513 CE Vasco de Balboa (Spain) first
  European to see ______________________
• 8. 1519 CE ________________________(Spain)
  first to sail around S. America
• 9. Spain was first to seek empire
  _______________________

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Warm-up Question Mon. 2/9

• Using Chapter Review on back page of homework
• Which European country was the first to establish
  colonies in America?
• How did these settlers treat the native people?
  Give 2 specific examples
• Where did these settlers set up colonies?
• What happened in missions in California (be
  specific)?
• Who had a better relationship with the native
  people?
• How was the relationship different?
• How would you describe the relationship of the
  Dutch from Holland (The Netherlands) with the
  native people.
• Where did the Dutch establish their colony of New
  Netherlands?

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1. According to this painting, DESCRIBE the
   relationship between Spanish colonists in America
   and the American Indians.
2. IDENTIFY specific examples from the painting that
   illustrate the nature of this relationship.

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What is specific?

• Cell Phone?
• Car?
• Music?
• Animals?
• Plants?
• Disease?
• Technology?

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How would you describe this painting of the Aztec
capital city, Tenochtitlan?
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12. Briefly describe the scene in the
painting. 13. In what ways can you tell that
there are two different tribes? 14. What do those
differences tell us about their different ways of
life? 15. How did they transport their goods? Why
no horses? 16. Can you detect any differences in
gender roles?
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What does EXPLAIN mean?

• Explain HOW and WHY(not WHAT) the following
  events encouraged exploration
• Crusades?
• Commerce?
• Technological advancements?
• Reformation?
• BE SPECIFIC! details, details, details!

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Voyages of European Exploration
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• D. Treaty of _______________ 1494
• 1. decision by Pope to settle disputed claims
  of ____________________
• 2. divided Spanish and Portuguese territory in
  ______________ North-South by 46th meridian
• 3. Portugal got land __________ of line
  Brazil and African islands
• 4. Spain got land ____________ of line
  everything else

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• E. New Spain (Crash Course)
• 1. Spanish explorers __________________ and
  _________________ conquered Caribbean, C. S.
  America
• a. 1519 _________________conquered Aztecs
  (Chief Montezuma) in Tenochtitlan est. Mexico
  City
• 1535 _________________conquered Incas in Peru,
  est. city of Lima
• 1539-1542 _____________explored Southeast (U.S.)
• 1540-1542Coronado explored Southwest (U.S.)

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• 2. Spain established __________________ System
  of govt. in New Spain
• a. Large tracts of land given to Spanish
  conquerors
• b. __________________ inhabitants became
  property of conquerors ___________________on
  sugar plantations to be converted to
  ___________________
• c. Considered inhumane/slavery by church
  replaced by _______________________ system
• d. Conquistadores ____________________ w/Indian
  women new race called __________________
  cultural and biological bridge between Spain and
  indigenous Americans

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• 3. _______________________ transforms life on 3
  continents
• a. From the __________________________
  _____________________________________, beans,
  peppers, manioc, pumpkin, squash, tomato, wild
  rice, etc.
• b. From the ___________________________
• 1. cows, pigs, ________________, wheat, sugar
  cane, apples, cabbage, citrus, carrots, Kentucky
  bluegrass, etc.
• 2. devastating ______________________ (smallpox,
  yellow fever, malaria), as Indians had no
  immunities An estimated 90 of all pre-Columbus
  Indians died, mostly due to disease.
• c. From ________________________ slave labor to
  work sugar plantations with loss of Indian
  population

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• 4. Other Europeans threaten Spanish dominance
• a. _____________________ (1497) John Cabot (an
  Italian who sailed for England) touched the coast
  of the current day U.S.
• b. ______________________(1524) Giovanni de
  Verrazano also touched on the North American
  seaboard.
• _____________________ (1535) Jacques Cartier
  went into mouth of St. Lawrence River
  (_____________________).
• France (1608) Samuel de Champlain founded
  _________________
• ____________________ (1679) Robert de LaSalle
  sailed down the _____________________claiming the
  whole region for their King Louis and naming the
  area _______________________" after his king.
• ________________________included St. Lawrence
  River, Great Lakes, Mississippi
• Very few ____________________________ settlements
  only
• ________________________
• 2. Fur trade with __________________ trading
  partners very profitable

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SPANISH
FRENCH
DUTCH
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• 5. To oppose threats, ____________ set up forts
  (presidios) up California coast, and
  __________________, Florida (1565) the oldest
  continually inhabited European settlement in the
  U.S.

This fanciful artist's rendition of St.
Augustine, pioneer Spanish settlement, is of
interest despite its historical inaccuracies. The
Castillo de San Marcos at no time resembled the
fort as portrayed. The artist probably included
the high hills because he mistook the Spanish
word for thick forests to mean hills. From the
1671 engraving "Pagus Hispanorum," by an unknown
artist, probably prepared in Amsterdam.
(Courtesy, Chicago Historical Society.)
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• _________________________ the false notion that
  Spaniards only brought _______________________(mur
  der, disease, slavery) though true, they also
  brought good things ____________________,
  architecture,Christianity, ____________________,
  civilization
• Crash Course - The Black Legend, Native
  Americans, and Spaniards

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The English Enter the Competition

• Claimed __________________territory under Henry
  VIII (r. 1509-1547)
• England achieved preconditions for colonization
  under _________________

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An Unpromising Beginning Mystery at Roanoke

• Sir _______________________established Roanoke
  colony in 1584
• He named the region ________________ after the
  Virgin Queen
• The colony failed and Raleigh tried again in 1587
• The colonists disappeared without a trace and
  their fate remains a mystery

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Campaign to Sell America

• By 1600, no _________________ settlements in New
  World
• Richard Hakluyt advertised benefits of American
  ______________________
• Claimed that England needs _______________________
  __

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What Are You?

• Who are Americans?

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Presidential Morph - American Pops
Animaniacs - Presidents
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AP US History IS
The News Room
Believe in the Greatness of America
American Exceptionalism Cross Talk
is designed to provide students with the
analytical skills and factual knowledge necessary
to deal critically with the problems of United
States history. Students will analyze historical
material, synthesize their own ideas, and
evaluate those of others. Students will make
conclusions on the basis of an informed judgment
and present reasons and evidence clearly and
persuasively in essay format.
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Is the United States exceptional?

• Write a standard 5-paragraph argumentative essay
  in which you
• Choose one position or the other (dont sit the
  fence)
• Write an effective thesis statement
• If you say yes, explain why
• If you say no, explain why not
• Give at least 3 valid reasons to support your
  position
• Dazzle me with your historical knowledge
• DO NOT USE 1st PERSON (i.e. I think, I
  believe, or In my opinion)

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American Exceptionalism in the 21st Century
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What is the American Dream?

• Write one complete paragraph explaining what you
  think the American Dream means to you and your
  family.

Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched
refuse of your teaming shore, Send these, the
homeless, the tempest-tossed, to me I lift my
lamp beside the golden door. Emma Lazarus, 1883
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From Rags to Riches

• In this model republic, this land of the free
  so our orators call it, and why should not we?
  Tis refreshing to know that without pedigree A
  man may still climb to the top of the tree.
• Horatio Alger

Protect Your Dreams
The Pursuit of Happyness
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In fact, one of the greatest expressions of the
American Dream occurred 50 years ago today

• I Have a Dream
• Martin Luther King Jr.
• August 28, 1963
• Washington, DC

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• Athlete
• Reflections
• IDREAM