Presentaci

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Natural Science 2. Secondary Education
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1. OBTAINING NUTRIENTS
1c Photosynthesis
1b Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption
1a The absorption of water and mineral salts
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Natural Science 2. Secondary Education
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1a. The absorption of water and mineral salts

• Plants absorb water containing dissolved mineral
  salts from the soil.
• This is done through cells located at the end of
  the roots, called root hairs.
• The mixture of water and minerals absorbed by
  the roots is called xylem sap.

Roothairs
Water andmineral salts
Xylem sap
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Natural Science 2. Secondary Education
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1b. Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption

• Carbon dioxide enters the plant mainly through
  very small pores called stomata, which are found
  on the underside of the leaves.

CO2
Location of the stomata on the leaf
Stoma
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1c. Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts,
  which are located in the green parts of a plant.
• The water and carbon dioxide absorbed by the
  plant reach the chloroplasts and, with the energy
  from sunlight, are transformed into
  carbohydrates. Oxygen is produced as a
  by-product.
• The carbohidrates mix with the water in the leaf
  and form phloem sap.

Solar energy
Xylem sap
Water and carbohydrates (phloem sap)
Chloroplast
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H2O CO2
O2
Natural Science 2. Secondary Education
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2. Respiration

• Plants are constantly respiring. This process is
  carried out by the mitochondria.
• The plant absorbs oxygen through the stomata and
  the root hairs.
• This oxygen reaches the mitochondria, where it is
  used to get energy from carbohydrates.
• CO2 and water are released.

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Energy
Carbohydrates
Water
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3. Substance distribution

• Substances in the plant are transported through
  tube-shaped vessels which run along the stem, the
  branches and the leaf veins.
• Some vessels take the xylem sap from the roots
  to the green parts of the plant.
• Others distribute the phloem sap throughout the
  plant.

Xylem sap
Phloem sap
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4. Eliminating waste matter

• Plants eliminate waste in various ways

• The oxygen from photosynthesis, the carbon
  dioxide from respiration and excess water are
  eliminated through the stomata.
• Plants store waste in the cells of old leaves
  and then they eliminate them.
• They can also release substances like latex and
  resin through cuts in the stem.

Stomata
Water
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Old leaves
Cut
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Natural Science 2. Secondary Education