Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece

• Its all Greek to me?

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Greek Contributions

• Olympics
• Democracy
• Trial by Jury
• Theatre- comedy, tragedy, history
• Medicine
• Mythology

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Ancient Olympics

• 1st recorded Olympic year was in 776 B.C.
• Started as a religious ceremony honoring the
  Greek God Zeus
• Held at city-state Olympia
• Held for about 5 days every 4 years
• Only Greeks could compete
• All Wars stopped
• Events were held in nude after 776

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• If a person committed a crime they could not
  compete
• Women had different sites to compete
• Athletes had to qualify at city-state Elis
• City-States chose their athletes
• Day One Footraces
• Day Two Pentathlon
• Day Three Boxing
• Day Four Wrestling
• Day Five Pancreation
• Prizes and Closing Ceremonies
• Winners won wreath of olive leaves
• Riches awaited the winners win the got back to
  the city state
• Olympics ended by Romans in 394 A.D.

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ACHILLES

• SON OF PELEUS A MORTAL KING AND THETIS, A SEA
  NYMPH
• DIPPED BY THETIS IN THE RIVER STIX MAKING HIM
  INVULNERABLE, EXCEPT HIS HEEL
• GREATEST WARRIOR OF AGAMENONS ARMY
• WILL BE KILLED BY PARIS

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TROJAN WARS

• In Greek mythology, war between Greeks and
  Trojans. The Trojans. The war's final year forms
  the main part of Homer's Iliad. It began when
  Paris abducted Helen, wife of Menelaus.      
  Helen (Helen of Troy) was the daughter of Leda
  and Zeus and was reputed to be the most beautiful
  woman mortal in the world.       The Trojan War
  was a fierce battle in which The Greeks besieged
  Troy for nine years. They finally won when,
  pretending to depart, they left a wooden horse,
  which the Trojans took into the city. Warriors
  hidden in the horse opened the city gates to the
  Greek army, which sacked Troy.
•       All the men and male children were put to
  death. The females were captured as slaves.      
  The Trojan War probably reflected a real war
  c.1200 B.C. over control of trade in the
  Dardanelles.                  

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Greek Religion

• The Greeks had many gods in their religion
• Zeus was the supreme god
• They all lived on Mt. Olympus
• Other main gods were Apollo, Athena, Aphrodite,
  Eres, Poseidon, and Hades.
• All souls went to Hades
• Some Greeks prayed to local gods rather than Mt.
  Olympus.
• Greeks were not really united by religion

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• Aphrodite - Goddess of love, romance, and beauty.
  Her son was Eros, god of Love (though he is not
  an Olympian.)Apollo - Beautiful god of the sun,
  light, medicine, and music.Ares - Dark god of
  war who loves Aphrodite.Artemis - Independent
  goddess of the hunt, the forest, wildlife,
  childbirth, and the moon. Sister to
  Apollo.Athena - Daughter of Zeus and goddess of
  wisdom, war, and crafts. Sometimes spelled
  "Athene".Demeter - Goddess of agriculture and
  mother of Persephone (again, her offspring is not
  considered to be an Olympian.) Hephaestus - Lame
  god of fire and the forge.
• Sometimes spelled Hephaestus. The Hephaestion
  near the Acropolis is the most beautifully
  preserved ancient temple in Greece. Mated to
  Aphrodite.Hera - Wife of Zeus, protector of
  marriage, familiar with magic.Hermes - The
  speedy messenger of the gods, god of business.
  The Romans called him Mercury.Hestia - Calm
  goddess of home and home life, symbolized by the
  hearth which holds the continually-burning
  flame.Poseidon - God of the sea, horses, and of
  earthquakes.Zeus - Supreme lord of gods, god of
  the sky, symbolized by the thunderbolt

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• No other city has contributed more to the
  civilization of mankind than Athens. It is the
  place where Socrates was born, Plato, Aeschylus,
  Sophocles, Euripides and many others. It is the
  place that humanism and democracy were born. The
  intellectual light that Athens created will
  always be alive.

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Spartan Training

• When a child was born it was judged within 3 days
  if it would be healthy or unhealthy
• If unhealthy baby would be taken to junkyard and
  thrown to wolves
• At age 7 girls start training at home and boys go
  to Palestra, a community training center.
  Introduced to rigorous training
• At Age 10 boys began to compete in public. Also
  beating began. Beaten for 5 hours on their
  birthday until 16. If you made any sound you were
  executed on the spot

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Spartan Training

• Age 12-18 intensive training in running,
  shooting, etc. Hand to hand combat emphasized
• Age 18 Young Spartans join secret police to kill
  any slaves who might rebel
• Ages 19-24 Frontline Soldiers
• If soldier did not bring shield home it was a
  considered a disgrace
• Age 24-30 Defended Sparta around
  city-state area
• Ages 30-60 In reserve duty.
  Could be arrested if not in shape
• 60 Served Spartan government

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Persian Wars

• The Persians and Greeks were fighting because of
  land expansion
• Greeks expanding toward Persians and Persians
  expanding toward Greeks
• There were three different occasions when the
  Persians attacked the Greeks
• 1st Persian War 492 BC was Darius wanted to
  attack Athens but ½ of his navy went off the
  coast of Thrace. When he demanded bag of water
  and dirt from the city states they ignored him

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• Persian tactics were to let the enemy get close
  and then bury them with a barrage of arrows
• Athenians and Spartans favored close quarter
  fighting with long, heavy spears, sword, and
  shield

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Persian Wars

• 2nd Persian War 490 BC Darius put 48,000 men on
  ships and planned to attack Greece
• Fighting raged for 8 days, then on the 9th day
• At the Plains of Marathon 10,000 Athenians met
  him and were outnumbered 2-1, Persians thought
  they were mad
• In 5 hours the Athenians completely mutilated
  Persians
• 6400 Dead Persians, only 192 Athenian deaths
• Sent Pheidippides the greatest runner in Greece
  to run and tell Athens theyd won. He fell dead
  at 26 miles after delivering the message from
  heat exhaustion and fighting.

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Persian Wars

• 3rd Persian War 480 BC
• Xerxes, son of Darius, intended to get the larges
  army ever, 250,000 across the sea
• At Thermopylae a group of Greeks were to hold the
  pass
• The main part of this alliance was King Leonidus
  and 300 Spartans. After a few days of fighting
  King Leonidus told the other Greeks to leave.
• They were successful for three days but then
  Xerxes sent his troops through a secret pass to
  surround the Spartans

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Persian Wars

• The Spartans were finally overtaken
• This battle destroyed the moral of the Persian
  troops
• Athens was evacuated to Salamis a nearby island
• Athens was burned and 2/3 was destroyed
• Xerxes sent his navy into destroy the Greeks but
  the Greeks had superior boats and destroyed the
  Persian navy.
• The result of these Wars is that the Greek way of
  life was preserved such as democracy and voting.
  If Persians won our way of life would be
  different.

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Battle of Salamis

• Greatest naval battle of Persian Wars
• Greeks lead by Themistocles
• Persians outnumbered Greeks 3-1
• Larger Greek ships and close quarter (Greeks
  could swim) fighting would lead to the downfall
  of the Persian fleet as Xerxes watched from a
  nearby hill
• Xerxes army flees to Plataea and in 479 bc they
  are defeated again and Greece enters its Golden
  Age

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Peloponnesian War

• ELEPHANT VS. WHALE

• Sparta vs. Athens lasted for 27 years
• Best WarriorsSparta
• Good Warriors and BIG Population Athens
• Neither side got upper hand until a plague hit
  Athens killing 60 of population
• Sparta won
• War ends Greek unity and went back to separate
  and independent city-states

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KNOW THY SELFORACLE AT DELPHI
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Greek Philosopher

• Socrates
• 469-399 B.C. Athens
• Great Teacher and philosopher never took money
  for teachings.
• Method of teachings was constantly ask questions
  because it stimulates discussion
• Know thyself was most famous quote
• He got in trouble for corrupting the people, as
  he constantly questioned traditions and
  criticized Peloponnesian War
• Trail of Socrates 501 men on jury Found guilty of
  treason and gave him three choices
• 1 Apologize
• 2 Move
• 3 Death by Hemlock he chose this
• Socrates did not write much so we know him by his
  students

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Greek Philosophers

• Plato
• Socrates most famous student wrote The Republic
  ideal world. Wrote down own ideas with Socrates
  influence
• One of first written works to argue for equal
  rights for women
• Aristotle
• Studied under Plato
• The most divers well rounded of the three
• Father of Biology
• Wrote Politics
• Taught Alexander the Great
• Patience is virtue Moderation

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Greek Writers

• Homer
• Blind and had someone write for him
• Wrote Illiad and The Odyssey
• Herodotus
• Father of History
• Wrote about 3 Persian Wars biased toward Greeks
• Thucydidas
• Wrote about the Peloponnesian War
• Objective and tried to be accurate

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Famous Greeks

• Pericles
• Leader of Athens for 31 years between 460-429 BC
• Golden Age of Athens
• Greece was strong and united
• Philip II of Macedonia 350 BC
• Attacked Persia and brought Greek city-states
  under his control. Took 1/3 of them
• Alexander the Great
• 256-323 BCMacedonian
• Finished fathers job and conquered Greece and
  Persia
• Died at age of 33 from malaria