History of Space Satellites 1957- 2004

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History of Space Satellites1957- 2004
By Matt Robertson
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Satellites

• Satellites can be found all over the outside of
  the atmosphere above Earth. They allow us to have
  television channels, cell phones, radio stations,
  and much more.

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Today we will learn

• Overview of satellites
• How they affect our lives
• Timeline of satellites between 1957 - 2004

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Weather Satellite
Satellites are built in a variety of different
shapes
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Landsat Satellite
Weather Satellite
We constantly improve on technology to build
satellites. However, it takes years to build
and deploy a satellite.
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Weather Satellite
Landsat Satellite
Sputnik 1
Most satellites are launched into space using
rockets.
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RADARSAT
Landsat Satellite
Sputnik 1
Weather Satellite
Satellites orbit the earth and give us valuable
information from high above the atmosphere
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RADARSAT
Landsat Satellite
Sputnik 1
Weather Satellite
Measures weather conditions such as winds and
surface temperature.
Sends information back to Earth about cloud
formations.
Information allows weather forecasters to make
accurate weather predictions.
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Weather Satellite
Landsat Satellite
Sputnik 1
RADARSAT
Weather Satellites look down and send
information Astronomy Satellites peer outward to
study the universe Communication Satellites beam
TV, phone, and radio signals Some satellites
have orbits and they roam above earth Some
satellites stay stationary in geostationary orbits
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Timeline on key Satellites
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The Beginning of the Space Race and the start of
satellites

• Oct. 4,1957- The Soviet Union launched the first
  Space Satellite, called Sputnik 1. It weighed 183
  pounds and was the size of a basketball. This
  marked the beginning of the space race.
• Nov. 3- Sputnik 2 was launched into space, but
  this time it brought the first creature into
  space, a dog named Laika.

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Creating NASA

• Jan. 31, 1958- The United states launched its
  first satellite called Explorer 1. It discovered
  magnetic radiation belts around Earth.
• The Sputnik satellites led to the creating of
  NASA. In July 1958, Congress passed the Space
  Act which created NASA as of Oct. 1, 1958.

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The 1960s

• Aug. 12,1960- U.S. launched Echo 1 a passive
  reflector satellite. When it was launched it was
  thought that it could serve a purpose in
  communications.
• 1962- Telstar was a satellite that relayed
  television signals.
• August 19,1964- The first ever geostationary
  telecommunications satellite was launched called
  Syncom 3.

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TIROS

• It was the first set of satellites that could
  provide accurate weather forecasts based on data
  gathered from space. It was launched in 1962.
• 1958-1967 TIROS 1 ----- TIROS 10
• 1978 -1987 TIROS -N

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NIMBUS

• NIMBUS is a set of satellites that provide very
  crucial data on the Earths atmospheric
  temperatures, atmospheric chemistry, sea-ice
  coverage, the Earths radiation budget, and
  sea-surface temperature. The first of these
  satellites was launched in 1964. One instrument
  on the NIMBUS satellite and was able to map the
  Ozone hole.
• 1958 1967 Nimbus 1
• 1968 - 1977 Nimbus B and Nimbus 3 6
• 1978 1987 Nimbus 7

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1970s

• July 23,1972- ERTS, the first ever landsat
  satellite was launched. These satellites are used
  to show how the land has been changing over the
  years on Earth.
• Oct. 16,1975- GOES, was a geostationary satellite
  whos high orbits, visible-light, and infrared
  give us constant surveillance over the entire
  planet.

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1980s

• Jan.-Nov. 1983- The Infrared Astronomical
  Satellite found new comets, asteroids, galaxies,
  and a dust ring around the star Vega that may be
  new planets.
• April 6,1984-The first space shuttle to repair a
  satellite while in orbit, called SMM.
• Nov. 6,1984-First time that satellites were
  brought back from space by space shuttle.

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1990s

• Jan. 25,1994 - U.S. launches Clementine, a new
  DOD satellite that performs a lunar mapping
  mission using advanced ballistic missile defense
  technologies. It suffered a terrible malfunction
  ending its mission early.
• 1995- The Canadians launched the first
  operational satellite called RADARSAT. It is able
  to bounce back radar signals off the Earth to
  create 3-D images of its surface.

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A New Millennium

• In 2000 IKONOS is the first satellite to allow us
  to see any thing on the ground, that measures one
  square meter.

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2003-2004

• Nov. 2003- TopSat is a mission that is going to
  demonstrate the capabilities for classically high
  value remote sensing missions of small
  satellites.
• Jan. 23,2004- MILSATCOM is a military satellite
  that will demonstrate critical technologies for a
  secure, high-capacity global communications
  network, it will serve the U.S. Department of
  Defense, NASA, and the intelligence community.

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Summer 2004

• June 9, 2004 - GPS 2R-12
• New generation of GPS satellites.
• New system will allow for expanded coverage over
  regions of the world and higher performance
  standards.
• Delayed due to pump failure on rocket

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2005 and Beyond

• 2005- EagleEye is a satellite that is going to be
  used by a company to help their customers predict
  the Earths agricultural weather conditions. It
  is planned to launch in 2005. EagleEye will
  provide in yield predicting, crop monitoring,
  mapping, and satellite photos and maps.

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Future Satellite Predictions

• In the future, a large solar powered
  satellite may orbit Earth and collect solar
  energy from the sun. The energy could be
  converted using new technologies to electricity
  and sent back to Earth as microwaves. The best
  part is the lack of pollution. The proposed
  solution will have no greenhouse gas emissions.

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Future Satellite Launches

• SPACECRAFT PLANNED LAUNCH
• Geostationary Operational Environmental
  Satellites
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• GOES N
• December 2004
•  
•  
• GOES - O
• April 2007
•  
•  
• GOES - P
• October 2008
•  
•  
• GOES - R

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In Conclusion

• In conclusion, satellites are very important in
  what we use in every day life. By the end of the
  20th century there were more than 2,200
  satellites orbiting our planet.
• Satellites are very costly but are very well
  worth the expense for helping live our lives and
  learning more about the universe.

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• Satellites are a little bit confusing and cool so
  I will do my best to answer any questions you
  have on satellites.
• So are there any questions?

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Bibliography

• http//www.nationalgeographic.com/eye/satellites.h
  tml
• http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsat
  ellite.htm
• http//www.physics.udel.edu/watson/scen103/projec
  ts/99s/satellites/firsts.html
• http//iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall99/Coffey/HIST
  ORY.HTM
• http//www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/weathsat
  .html
• http//www.boeing.com/news/releases/
• http//goes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/launchinfo/index.htm
• http//www.space.com/missionlaunches/launches/next
  _launch.html.