Jefferson Davis Vs. Lincoln

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Jefferson Davis Vs. Lincoln
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Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln

• Born in Todd Co. Kentucky father moves family to
  Mississippi
• Loses son Joseph Evan during the war
• West Point Graduate
• Serves at end of Black Hawk War (capture of Chief
  Black Hawk) serves in Mexican War-Hero of the
  Battle of Buena Vista
• Served in Congress
• Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce-camels,
  southern r-road route
• Considered one of the leading spokesmen of the
  South by the mid-1850s

• Born in Kentucky less than 50 miles from Davis,
  family moves north to Illinois
• Loses son Tad during the war
• Very little military experience
• Served only three months in the Black Hawk War
• Failed businessman (general store)
• Served several terms in the Illinois state
  legislature, U.S. Senate-relatively
  undistinguished

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Patriot Act-National Security Versus Civil Rights

• Ability to search library/video rental records to
  see what books that you have checked out without
  permission from a federal judge
• Cameras at stop signs, lights
• Cell phone/internet activity can be monitored
  without approval from a Federal Judge
• Detainment without Habeas Corpus (Guantanamo Bay)
• Military tribunals for combatants and
  non-combatants
• Investigations of groups opposed to Presidential
  policies
• How many approve of the Patriot Act? Why or Why
  not?

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Lincoln and Civil Rights

• The Law
• Writ of Habeas Corpus-literally you have the
  body judicial mandate ordering that a prisoner
  be brought to court to see whether or not he has
  been unlawfully detained warrant from a
  magistrate stating why an individual is going to
  be arrested

• What Lincoln did?
• Suspends Habeas Corpus in Maryland to ensure that
  this state stayed in the Union-Plug Uglies
• Ex Parte Merryman-1861
• Chief Justice is Taney
• Merryman accused of treason and military refuses
  to turn him over to the courts
• Taney Court ruling 1) Only Congress can suspend
  habeas corpus 2) military officers have no right
  to arrest citizens not involved in the military
  for crimes against the state
• Lincoln refuses to have Merryman returned to
  courts
• Applied against political opponents-Copperheads
  (Democrats who sympathized with the
  South)-Vallandingham case in Wisconsin

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Lincoln and the Constitution

• Constitution-Art. 4, Sec. 3-New States may be
  admitted by the Congress into this Unionbut no
  new state shall be formed or erected within the
  jurisdiction of any other statedwithout the
  consent of the legislatures of the states
  concerned as well as of the Congress

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West Virginia
                                                                      

• http//www.vahistory.org/reconfiguring/1860notif.h
  tml

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West Virginia (somebody actually wanted this area)

• With Virginias decision to secede from the
  Union, representatives meet in Wheeling to form a
  new Virginia government
• Vote for creation of new state had less than half
  of eligible voters cast their votes
• Admitted into the Union in 1863 under the
  condition that their Constitution provides for
  the abolition of slavery Lincoln approves

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Lincoln and Slavery

• To William H. SewardFebruary 1, 1861I say now,
  however, as I have all the while said, that on
  the territorial question -- that is, the question
  of extending slavery under the national auspices,
  -- I am inflexible. I am for no compromise which
  assists or permits the extension of the
  institution on soil owned by the nation. And any
  trick by which the nation is to acquire
  territory, and then allow some local authority to
  spread slavery over it, is as obnoxious as any
  other.

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Lincolns 1st Inaugural Address

• I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to
  interfere with the institution of slavery in the
  States where it exists. I believe I have no
  lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination
  to do so

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Frederick Douglas on Lincoln

• He was preeminently the white mans president,
  entirely devoted to the welfare of white men. He
  was ready and willing at any time during the
  first years of his administration to deny,
  postpone, and sacrifice the rights of humanity in
  the colored people to promote the welfare of the
  white people of this countryHe came into the
  presidential chair upon one principle alone,
  namely, opposition to the extension of slavery

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• Frees no slaves (Has to control the territory of
  the south in order to implement)
• Appeases Radical Republicans
• Lessens chance of foreign involvement
• Issued at this point because he has the first
  battle that he can claim to be the victor

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African-Americans in the Army

• Lincoln slow to admit them in the army
• Afraid to lose support of the border states
• At first served only in non-combat positions
• First used by Benjamin Butler-contraband
• blacks would serve only under white officers
• Most famous unit-54th Mass. (Glory)
• White soldiers-13 dollars per month, blacks-10
  dollars
• Not until 1865 does Lincoln institute a policy of
  equal pay
• No African-American soldiers receive C-M-H until
  1900

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Lincolns Legacy

• Given his violation of civil rights,his lack of
  taking an ardent stand on slavery, inability to
  act quickly on equal rights for African-American
  soldiers-is he deserving of the reputation that
  historians have given him?

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Lincoln and His Generals

• Army of the Potomac-
• 1861-1st Bull Run
• 1862- 7 Days
• 1862- 2nd Bull Run
• 1862- Antietam
• 1862- Fredericksburg
• 1863-Chancellorsville
• 1863-Gettysburg
• Overland Campaign-1864

• Commanding officer
• McDowell
• McClellan
• Pope
• McClellan
• Burnside
• Hooker
• Meade
• Grant

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Lincoln and his Generals

• Nov. 13, 1861-the president, governor Seward, and
  I went over to McClellans house tonight. the
  servant said the general would soon return. We
  waited an hour when General McClellan came in and
  went upstairs. We waited another half an hour
  when the answer came that the general had gone to
  bed

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Lincoln and his Generals

• McClellan to Lincoln after 7 Days-
• I have seen too many dead and wounded comrades
  to feel otherwise than that the government has
  not sustained this army. If you do not do so now
  then the game is lost.
• If I save the army now then I tell you plainly
  that I owe no thanks to youyou have done your
  best to sacrifice this army

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Lincoln and his generals

• Anaconda Plan-control the Mississippi and
  blockade the coast of the Confederacy-devised by
  Gen. Winfield Scott
• Will eventually strangle the Confederacy into
  submission
• Lincoln realizes that it will take too long to
  take effect
• However, the plan does make him understand the
  importance of economic warfare

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Monitor-A cheesebox on a raft
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Monitor V. Merrimack

• Merrimack first ironclad built by the Confederacy
• Destroys several Union ships in the Hampton Roads
  area that were part of the blockade
• Monitor-build by a Swede
• Monitor and Merrimack fight to a draw, but saves
  the Union blockade

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Lincoln and Fort Sumter

                                                                              
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Lincoln and Fort Sumter

• 1861-Fort Sumter is in the Middle of Charleston
  Harbor, S.C.
• Union troops move to fort to avoid land fort that
  is vulnerable to attack
• Waiting on supplies when Confederates under
  Beauregard fire on the fort
• Lincoln now has stronger moral ground to issue
  call for troops Confederates fired first

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Davis and his GeneralsA.S. Johnston, R.E. Lee,
P.G.T. Beauregard, J. Johnston
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Ranking of Generals

• Lt. General-Head of a corps (2-3 divisions)
• Major General-Head of a Division (2-3 brigades)
• Brigadier General-Head of a Brigade (4-6
  regiments)
• Colonel or Lieutenant Colonel-head of a regiment
  (1,000 men)

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Problems with Joseph Johnston

• Initial appointments
• Dispute over failure to take D.C. after 1st Bull
  Run
• Fair Oaks/7 Pines 1862- The shot that wounded me
  was the best shot fired for the Confederacy for I
  did not have the trust of the government, but Lee
  did
• Johnston fails to relieve Vicksburg (1863)
• Johnston removed from Atlanta, replaced by John
  Bell Hood (1864)
• Election of 1864-McClellan V. Lincoln

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Davis and the governors

• Joseph Brown of Georgia
• Zebulon Vance of North Carolina
• Limited supplies of the Confederacy?
• Poor Starving Confederates?
• Negro enlistment Act approved March 13th, 1865
• Here Lies the Confederacy, Died of a Theory

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Davis and his subordinates

• Only Judah Benjamin remains in his cabinet for
  the duration of the war
• Every other cabinet position has to be filled at
  least twice
• Vice President Alexander Hamilton Stephens
  refuses to work with Davis, leaves Richmond after
  the first year of the war and returns to Georgia
  doing very little work
• Davis Considered to be a micromanager, unwilling
  to delegate authority

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Problems that Davis faced

• Illnesses
• Malarial fevers
• Facial nueralgia
• Herpes in his eye
• Condition worsened by Mercury treatments
• Dyspepsia
• Back problems
• Insomniac

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Bad Judgment
                                                          

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Spying

• Crazy Bet-Elizabeth Van Lew
• Big Belly
• Siren of the Shenandoah

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Military Campaigns

• 1st Bull Run-1861
• Hammer and Anvil
• Ends the thought that the war would be short
• Confederate victory

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Antietam

• Confederate Battle Plans are discovered by Union
  soldiers
• Mclellan-I now have information within my
  possession that if I cant whip Bobby Lee then I
  will retire
• Lee-38,000 Men Mclellan-70,000 men

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Battle of Antietam

• Lee hopes to relieve Virginia of constant warfare
• Armies live off the north
• Hopes to draw in foreign powers

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Vicksburg
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Gettysburg

• Why invade the North?
• Allow his army to feed off of the Northern
  countryside
• Wants to deliver a knockout punch (Lee follows
  Napoleonic tactics and a belief in total victory)

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Why does the Battle occur at Gettysburg?

• Lees army is divided into three wings
• Spy informs Lee that the Union army is on the
  march
• Gettysburg is the hub of several roads that lead
  to Gettysburg (the town itself was not of
  importance)

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It took a great many mistakes to lose this
battle

• What mistakes does the Confederacy make leading
  up through the first day of fighting?
• Heth (Confed) leads attack against Lees orders
  belieiving that he is confronting only a militia
  unit
• JEB Stuart is not there to inform Lee of the
  Union army advancement
• Ewell does not take the hills around Gettysburg

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It took a Great many mistakes to lose this
Battle

• The confederate Battle Plan on the second
  day-what does Longstreet want to do? What does
  Lee do?
• Longstreet is slow to attack attack on Union
  right does not occur at same time as attack on
  Little Round Top

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Grant takes Command

• War of attrition
• Shermans March to the Sea (total warfare)
• Siege of Petersburg
• Appomattox Court House

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