The Civil War

1
The Civil War

• Union President Abe Lincoln
• Generals Grant, McClellan, Sherman
• Confederacy President Jefferson Davis
• Generals Lee, Jackson

2
Secession 1860

• Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th president
• Soon after, South Carolina seceded from the Union
• Six others followed Mississippi, Florida,
  Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and TEXAS
• Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland had
  slavery, but stayed in the United States

3
Secession

• Soon, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and
  Virginia joined the Confederate States of America

4

5
First Shots Ft. Sumter

• On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate, troops
  fired the first shots on Yankee, or Union, troops
  stationed at Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• The Civil War had begun!
• Over the next four years, 600,000 Americans would
  die

6
Their Names

• Name the 3 names for the South army
• Confederacy
• Rebel
• South
• Name the 3 names for the North army
• Union
• Yankees
• North

7
Advantages
Union Advantages Confederate Advantages
Population More Soldiers Better General
More Supplies Better Knowledge of the Land
Inspired by the loss of men Inspired to win
War did not take place at their home
8
First Manassas/First Bull Run

• July 21, 1861 The First Battle of Bull Run
  (Union name) or First Manassas (Southern name),
  fought just outside Washington D.C.
• Northerners took picnic lunches to a hill
  overlooking the battlefield, thinking the Union
  would win very quickly
• Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson led
  Confederate soldiers to drive back the Union
  troops and claimed victory

9
First Manassas

• The Confederate troops could have kept on and
  captured Washington D.C., but they stopped to
  celebrate the victory

10
The Anaconda Plan The Unions plan for winning
the war

1. Blockade Southern Ports cut off trade of cotton
   and delivery of supplies
2. Control the Mississippi River this would cut
   the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana would
   be cut off from everyone)
3. Capture the capital of Richmond, VA and force
   the government to surrender
4. Squeeze and trap the Confederate army from the
   West and the North (see map)

11
Anaconda Plan to take over Confederacy

12
Battle of Antietam (Maryland)

• Sept. 17, 1861, Confederate General Robert E. Lee
  wanted to cut off Washington D.C. from the rest
  of the Union
• This was one of only 2 battles fought in North,
  and the bloodiest one day battle on the war
• Neither side won, but Lee had to retreat to
  protect his supply lines down south

13
Predict.

• What are your predictions for the following?
  Explain.
• What will happen to/in the North?
• What will happen to/in the South?
• How will this war effect the economic/social/polit
  ical/environmentalfuture of the United States?

14
Emancipation Proclamation

• Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting, Lincoln
  issued the Emancipation Proclamation
• This document freed the slaves
• in the Confederacy

15
Turning Point Vicksburg

• Vicksburg, Mississippi was the major point in
  controlling the Mississippi River, very important
  for the Confederacy
• May 22, 1863 Unions Gen. Grant laid siege to
  the city for months, but the Confederates
  wouldnt give up
• The Rebel army were starving and forced to eat
  rats, and melted down everything to make bullets
  and cannonballs
• July 4, 1863 Confederates surrendered, and the
  Union controlled the Mississippi

16
The Confederates Alamo

• Just like the Battle of the Alamo, the army at
  Vicksburg held off a bigger army, this time for
  more than a month

17
Turning Point Gettysburg

• While Vicksburg was falling, Gen. Robert E. Lee
  wanted to attack the North in Gettysburg,
  Pennsylvania
• Lee sent wave after wave of soldiers at the
  Union, but kept getting shot down
• 52,000 men were killed over 3 days
• The beginning of the end for the Confederacy
  they lost their best and brightest in Vicksburg
  and Gettysburg, and would never again attack the
  North

18
The fall of Atlanta

• While fighting was going on in Virginia, Union
  general William T. Sherman marched through the
  state of Georgia and took over the biggest
  Confederate city, Atlanta

19
Richmond, VA vs. Washington D.C.

• In 1864, Unions Grant and Confederates Lee
  fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles between
  these two capital cities
• After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant
  captured and burned Confederate capital of
  Richmond, VA (March, 1865)
• The Rebels had little chance of winning
• They were running out of food, weapons,
  ammunition, and medicine for the wounded

20
Appomattox Courthouse END!

• After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his
  soldiers fled to the mountains
• On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in
  Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant

21
Lincoln Assassinated

• During the war there were many attempts on his
  life
• On April 15th, 1865, while he was at a play,
  John Wilkes Booth was finally successful

22
Last Battle of the Civil War

• The last battle of the Civil War was fought at
  Palmito Ranch, Texas on May 12, 1865
• This was one month after Lee surrendered at
  Appomattox and the war ended
• Confederates won!
• But it didnt count

23
Reflection

• What was Lincolns role throughout the war? Be
  specific.
• Give examples of how each side suffered
  economically and socially.
• What should the United States do to recover from
  this war?