Chapter 6 The Arab Empire 632-661

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Chapter 6The Arab Empire 632-661
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Maps and Charts 1
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• Muhammad died no successor
• Followers chose Abu Bakr his father-in-law over
  Ali his cousin and son-in-law caliph (would
  cause conflict later)

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• Under Abu, Arabs spread Islam and defeated
  Byzantium army at Syria Jihad struggle for
  God
• Abu Bakr had little control over military
  commanders of the clans

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• The Bedouin clans were more interested in Booty
  (thats money yall!) than spreading the Islamic
  faith

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• The Byzantine and Persian (Sasanian) Empires were
  weak against the Arab invasions

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• Abu Bakr dies once again no successors
• 1st 4 caliphs were assassinated Uthman (3rd
  Caliph) was the 1st Umayyad caliph

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• 4th caliph was Ali Muhammads son-in-law (ruled
  for 5 years), but Umayyads were upset that Ali
  did not avenge Uthmans murder.

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• Umayyad Clan vs. Ali and his ally clan.
• Umayyads proclaim Muawiya as Caliph
• Ali is assassinated, and leaves Muawiya as
  Caliph
• Husayn (Alis son) Karbala last struggle
  against Umayyads

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• Islam splits
• Shiite only accept rulers who are descendants
  of Ali (supporters of Ali)
• Sunni accepted the Umayyads as rulers
• Still source of conflict and division today!

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Empire TimeLine

• Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) split of Islam
• Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258)

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The Umayyads

• Matched the size of the Roman Empire
• Fastest growing Empire
• Moved capital from Medina to Damascus in Syria.
• Built bureaucracy

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• Empire was Arab conquest state
• Only Muslim Arabs were first class citizens
• Discouraged inter-marriage (tax reasons didnt
  work)
• Mawali Muslim converts in conquered areas
  (still had to pay taxes)

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• Dhimmis (people of the book) Arabs tolerated
  other religions
• Few people would be converted during the Umayyad
  Dynasty

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Who Resented the Umayyads?

• Muslim faithfuls who resented Umayyads
  corruptness
• Warriors did not receive share in the booty (it
  went directly to royal treasury)

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• Abbasid party led by al-Abbas (descendents of
  Muhammads uncle)
• Shiites
• Mawali

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The Fall of the Umayyad

• Persia and Iraq fell to rebels
• Then Syria and Damascus
• Rebels eliminated the Umayyad family

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READLast Paragraph on pg 134!
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• Abbasid Dynasty 750 to 1258
• B/c of Umayyads corruption, Abu al-Abbas
  overthrew them
• Built new capital - Baghdad

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• On a piece of paper, draw a Venn Diagram like the
  one below

Shiite
Sunni
Pg. 129