Classification History

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Classification History
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• Taxonomy Branch of biology that groups all life
  according to their characteristics and history
• All life on earth is placed into 1 of 6 kingdoms
• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Classification History
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
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Classification is always a work in progress
Where did it all start?

• Until 1866 only two kingdoms,Animalia and
  Plantae

• 1866 all single-celled organisms moved to
  kingdom Protista

• 1938 prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera

• 1959 fungi moved to own kingdom

• 1977 kingdom Monerasplit into kingdoms Bacteria
  and Archaea

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The 6 kingdoms are classified into domains

• Domains are above the kingdom level
• Domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic
  diversity

• The three domains in the tree of life are
  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

From here, we will focus on the kingdoms, but
dont forget about the DOMAINS!
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• Developed classification system based on physical
  features
• Many rules still used today
• Binomial Nomenclature System of giving every
  organism 2 names
• 1st word Genus (broad)
• 2nd word Species (specific)
• Example House cat
• Genus Felis (cougars, lions, tigers, cheetahs,
  etc)
• Species catus

Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish Botanist
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Binomial Format

• When Writing
• Genus Capitalized
• species lowercase
• Underlined entirely
• Ex Homo sapiens
• When Typing
• Same, except use italics (instead of underlining)
• Ex Homo sapiens

Canis lupis
Tyto alba Quercus alba
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Oh Looney Toons!
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Oh Looney Toons!
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• Defined A group of organisms in a classification
  system.
• 7 individual levels (taxa) used to classify
  organisms
• Kingdom (broadest)
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species (specific)
• Allows relationships to be clearly seen

Taxa
Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Surfaces
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Kingdom
Phylum
Cheetah Classification
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Kingdom
Phylum
Red Wolf Classification
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Human Classification
Genus
Species
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Killer whale classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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The more levels in common...the more related the
species.
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Quick Question Which two organisms are most
related to one another?

• Killer Whale
• K Animals
• P Chordata
• C Mammals
• O Cetacea
• F Delphinidae
• G Orcinus
• S orca

• Red Wolf
• K Animals
• P Chordata
• C Mammals
• O Carnivora
• F Canidae
• G Canis
• S vulpes

• Polar Bear
• K Animals
• P Chordata
• C Mammals
• O Carnivora
• F Ursidae
• G Ursus
• S arctos

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Using a dichotomous key
What is this item?
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Using a dichotomous key
What is this item?
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Review

• Who created the classification system used today
• What is it based on?
• Name the 6 kingdoms of life.
• Which kingdom(s) are prokaryotic?
• Which kingdom(s) may be unicellular?
• Which kingdom(s) are bacteria?
• Which two taxa make up an organisms binomial
  name?
• What happened to kingdom Monera?
• Place the 7 levels of taxonomy in order from
  largest to smallest.
• Name the 7 human taxa, from largest to smallest.