Chapter 1 Section 2: The Beginning of Agriculture

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Chapter 1 Section 2 The Beginning of
Agriculture
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Main Idea The development of agriculture was a
major turning point in human history and
significantly changed the way in which many
people lived.

• Reading Focus
• What new tools and technologies did early humans
  develop during the New Stone Age?
• How did early agriculture develop and spread?
• In what ways did the development of agriculture
  change Stone Age society?

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I. The New Stone Age

• The Neolithic Era - about 8000 BC to 3000 BC

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I. The New Stone Age

• Advances in tool making defined the Neolithic Era

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I. The New Stone Age
Old - Stones chipped to make points New -
Polished stones to make points Specialized tools
- chisels, drills, and saws
Flint Knapping
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II. Development of Agriculture

• Last Ice Age ended about 10,000 years ago new
  animals and plants like grains, appeared

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II. Development of Agriculture

• c.10,000 years ago - people learned to farm,
  became food producers - the Neolithic Revolution

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II. Development of Agriculture

• People gathered wild grains, learned connection
  between seeds and plants

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II. Development of Agriculture

• Domestication selective growing/breeding of
  plants/animals best traits were perpetuated

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II. Development of Agriculture

• First domesticated animals probably dogs
  followed by cattle, sheep, etc.

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II. Development of Agriculture

• Domesticated plants and animals reliable food
  source large animals were put to work

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III. Agriculture Changes Society

• Reliable food supply resulted in world population
  increase

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III. Agriculture Changes Society

• Some people became nomadic pastoralists others
  formed farming settlements

Nomadic Mongols Camp
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A. Early Farming Societies

• Settlements grew into villages and towns

5,000 year-old Neolithic village of Skara Brae,
occupied from about 3180 BC to 2500 BC
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A. Early Farming Societies

• Improved agriculture needed fewer workers
  artisans/craftsmen appeared trade increased

Funerary  pottery
Beads and Pendants
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A. Early Farming Societies

• Social status based on wealth, influence, and
  authority men gained dominance over women

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A. Early Farming Societies

• Other changes formalized religion warfare over
  land/resources crop failure meant famine
  increased disease

Stonehenge
Maikop Gold Bull Russia, 2500 BC
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B. New Technologies

• Cattle pulled plows

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B. New Technologies

• New tools to prepare grains clay pottery wool
  spun into yarn c. 3000 BC - the Bronze Age

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C. Catal Huyuk

• c. 6000 BC - largest Neolithic village covered
  30 acres, 5000 to 6000 people

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C. Catal Huyuk

• Farmed, raised animals conducted wide-ranging
  trade

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D. Otzi the Iceman

• 1991 hikers found a frozen 5300 year-old
  Neolithic man in Italys Alps

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D. Otzi the Iceman

• Otzi added great deal of information about
  Neolithic life

Otzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi and known
also as Frozen Fritz)