Chapter 6 Section 2 Notes

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Chapter 6 Section 2 Notes
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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C.
A.D. 500
Time Line
In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy.
Diocletian, who will divide the Roman Empire,
becomes emperor.
509 B.C.
218 B.C.
A.D. 284
Rome becomes a republic.
500 B.C.
A.D. 500
264 B.C.
44 B.C.
A.D. 476
The First Punic War with Carthage begins.
Conspirators kill Julius Caesar.
Western Roman Empire falls with the ouster of the
last emperor, Romulus Augustulus.
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I. Expansion Creates Problems in the Republic
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A. The gap between rich and poor increased class
tensions developed
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B. Rich land owners lived on huge estates called
latifundia
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C. Many of these lands belonged to farmers and
soldiers that were forcedto sale their lands
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D. Grain prices were down
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E. Slaves were all over Rome
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F. No Jobs
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II. The Republic Collapses
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A. Two plebeian brothers try to reason with the
Rich
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1. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
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2. As Tribunes they try to make reforms
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3. Tiberius is assassinated in 133 B.C. and Gaius
in 121 B.C.
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4. Civil War erupts
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5. Power struggles within the army try to put
down the rebellions
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B. Julius Caesar takes control
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1. The First Triumvirate
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A. 60 B.C. Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
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1. Caesar was away fighting wars in Gaul (France)
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2. Caesar soon gained support of the entire army
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B. In 49 B.C. Crassus and Pompey order him back
to Rome without his armies, He refuses
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C. In 46 B.C. he becomes dictator and soon
afterwards dictator for life
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2. Caesar has moderate reforms
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a. Gave land to poor in Gaul
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b. Created jobs with government projects
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1. Aqueducts
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2. Roads
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3. Buildings
Colosseum
Pantheon
Roman Theatre
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3. Assassinated on March 15, 44 B.C. by his
longtime friend Marcus Brutus in the senate
chamber
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C. Beginnings of the Empire
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1. Second Triumvirate Caesars grandnephew
Octavian and his friend Mark Antony take
control of Rome along with Lepidus
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Augustus
Mark Antony
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2. Eventually Lepidus is removed and Octavian and
Mark Antony go to war.
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3. Cleopatra from Egypt convinces Antony to
attack Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.
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a. Octavian wins
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4. Octavian crowns himself Augustus and keep the
title imperator (supreme military commander)
where the word emperor comes from
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III. A Vast Powerful Empire
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A. Years starting with Augustus rule from 27 B.C.
to 180 A.D. become known as the Pax Romana (Roman
Peace)
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B. Agriculture was the most important industry of
the empire
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C. Trade flourished
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D. Silver coins called a demarius was the coin of
the empire
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E. Roads interlinked the empire and connected to
the Silk Road
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F. Many men from foreign lands entered the army
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G. Augustus was Romes best ruler
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1. Set up civil service or government jobs
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2. He dies in 14 A.D.
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H. Governmental Flaw
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1. No legal succession to the throne
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I. Bad Rulers
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1. Caligula
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2. Nero
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J. Good Rulers
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1. Five good Rulers
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a. Nerva in 96
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b. Trajan
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c. Hadrian
The Pantheon (118-128
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1. Wall in England
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d. Antonius Pius
138-161
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e. Marcus Aurelius
161-180
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1. 161 180 A.D.
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2. Empire at height
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IV. Life in Imperial Rome
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A. Early values (Gravitas)
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1. Discipline
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2. Strength
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3. Loyalty
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B. Paterfamilias was the oldest male in family
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C. Women almost had the same rights as men,
except they could not vote
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D. Boy children were more important because they
could vote
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E. Children became adults at 16
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F. Girls were married between 12 and 15 to much
older husbands
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G. Slavery
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1. Widespread and important to the economy
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2. Conquered peoples became slaves
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3. Considered property
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4. Some became gladiators
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H. Early gods and goddesses
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1. Numia were divine spirits
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2. Lares were guardian spirits of each family
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3. When they met the Greeks they adopted the gods
with different names
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I. Entertainment
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1. Government provided free game, races, and
gladiator events for themasses
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2. Coliseum held 50,000
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3. Circus Maximus held 300,000