Introduction to Management

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Introduction To Management(Certificate)
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Introduction To Management

1. Who are Managers, and Where Do They Work?
2. What is Management, and What Do Managers Do?

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Who are Managers, and Where Do They Work?

• Organization
• Systematic arrangement of people brought together
  to accomplish some specific purpose
• Every organization has a Purpose and is made up
  of People who are Grouped in some fashion
• The distinct purpose of an organization is
  typically expressed in terms of a goal or set of
  goals

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Who are Managers, and Where Do They Work?

• How Are Managers Different from Operative
  Employees?
• What Titles do Managers Have in Organizations ?

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How Are Managers Different from Operative
Employees?

• Operatives
• People who work directly on a job or task and
  have no responsibility for overseeing the work of
  others
• Managers
• Individuals in an organization who direct the
  activities of others

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What Titles do Managers Have in Organizations ?

• First-Line Managers
• Middle Managers
• Top Managers

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What Titles do Managers Have in Organizations ?

• First-Line Managers
• Supervisors responsible for directing the
  day-to-day activities of operative employees
• Eg supervisor, line manager, section chief, and
  office manager

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What Titles do Managers Have in Organizations ?

• Middle Managers
• Individuals at levels of management between the
  first-line mangers and top management
• Eg department head, division head, manger of
  quality control, and director of the research lab

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What Titles do Managers Have in Organizations ?

• Top Managers
• Individuals who are responsible for making
  decisions about the direction of the organization
  and establishing polices that affect all
  organizational member
• Eg president, chairperson, executive director,
  chief executive officer (CEO), and executive
  vice-president

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What is Management, and What Do Managers Do?

1. How Do We Define Management?
2. What Are The Management Processes?
3. What Are Management Roles?
4. What Skills And Competencies Do Successful
   Managers Possess?

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How Do We Define Management?

• Define Management
• The process of getting things done, effectively
  and efficiently, through and with other people
• Efficiency
• Means doing the thing correctly, refers to the
  relationship between inputs and outputs. Seeks to
  minimize resource costs
• Effectiveness
• Means doing the right thing, goal attainment

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How Do We Define Management?
Means Efficiency
Ends Effectiveness
RESOUCE USAGE
GOAL ATTENTMENT
GOALS
High Attainment
Low Waste
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What Are The Management Processes?

• Planning
• Organizing
• Leading
• Controlling

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What Are The Management Processes?

• Planning
• Includes defining goals, establishing strategy,
  and developing plans to coordinate activities
• Organizing
• Includes determining what tasks are to be done,
  who is to do them, how the tasks are to be
  grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions
  are to be made

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What Are The Management Processes?

• Leading
• Includes motivating employees, directing the
  activities of others, selecting the most
  effective communication channel, and resolving
  conflicts
• Controlling
• The process of monitoring performance, comparing
  it with goals, and correcting any significant
  deviations

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What Are Management Roles?

• Management Roles
• Specific categories of managerial behavior, often
  grouped under Three Primary Headings
• Interpersonal Relationships
• Transfer of Information
• Decision Making

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The Management Roles

• Interpersonal Relationships
• Include a managers relationships with people
• Providing leadership within the company or
  interacting with others outside the organization

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The Management Roles

• Transfer of Information
• Requires a manager to provide knowledge, news, or
  advice to employees
• Holding meetings or finding other ways of letting
  employees know about important business activities

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The Management Roles

• Decision Making
• Making changes in policies, resolving conflicts,
  or deciding how best to use resources

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The Management Roles
Category Role Activity
Informational Monitor Seek and received information, scan periodicals and reports, maintain personal contacts
Disseminator Forward information to other organization members, send memos and reports, make phone call
Spokesperson Transmit information to outsiders through speeches, reports, memos
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The Management Roles
Category Role Activity
Interpersonal Figurehead Perform ceremonial and symbolic duties such as greeting visitors, signing legal documents
Leader Direct and motivate subordinates, train, counsel, and communicate with subordinates
Liaison Maintain information links both inside and outside organization, use e-mail, phone calls, meetings
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The Management Roles
Category Role Activity
Decisional Entrepreneur Initiate improvement projects, identify new ideas, delegate idea responsibility to other
Disturbance Handler Take corrective action during disputes or crises, resolve conflicts among subordinates, adapt to environmental crises
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The Management Roles
Category Role Activity
Decisional Resource Allocator Decide who gets resources, schedule, budget, set priorities
Negotiator Represent department during negotiation of union contracts, sales, purchases, budgets, represent department interests
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What Skills And Competencies Do Successful
Managers Possess?

• General Skills
• Conceptual Skills
• Interpersonal Skills
• Technical Skills
• Political Skills
• Specific Skills
• Management Competencies

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General Skills

• Conceptual Skills
• A managers mental ability to coordinate all of
  the organizations interests and activities
• Interpersonal Skills
• A managers ability to work with, understand,
  mentor, and motivate others, both individually
  and in groups

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General Skills

• Technical Skills
• A managers ability to use the tools, procedures,
  and techniques of a specialized field
• Political Skills
• A managers ability to build a power base and
  establish the right connections

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Specific Skills

• Controlling the organizations environment and
  its resources
• Organizing and coordinating
• Handling information
• Providing for grown and development
• Motivating employees and handling conflicts
• Strategic problem solving

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Management Competencies

• A cluster of related knowledge, skills, and
  attitudes related to effective managerial
  performance

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REVIEW QUESTIONS ?

1. What is an organization ? Why are managers
   important to an organizations success?
2. What Four common activities comprise the process
   approach to management ? Briefly describe each of
   them.
3. What are the Four general skills and the Six
   specific skills that affect managerial
   effectiveness?