Introduction and Data Collection

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Level 3 Key Processes Defined
Group 9 LaTanya Moore Ali Imajat Asim Eldaroty
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Introduction

• 5 Levels of Maturity
• Key Process Areas
• Common Features
• (Commitment to Perform,Ability to Perform,
  Activities Performed, Measurement and Analysis,
  Verify Implementation)
• Key Practices
• Templates

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Level 3 Key Processes

• Organization Process Focus
• Organization Process Definition
• Training Program
• Integrated Software management
• Software Product Engineering Peer Reviews
• Intergroup Coordination
• Peer Reviews

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8.1 Organization Process Focus

• Purpose To establish the organizational
  responsibility for SW process activities that
  improve the organizations overall software
  process capability
• Involves developing and maintaining an
  understanding of the organizations and projects
  SW processes and coordinating the activities to
  assess, develop, maintain, and improve these
  processes
• The organization is responsible for providing
  long term commitments and resources to coordinate
  the development and maintenance of the SW
  process across the current and future projects
  via a group
• (I.e. SWE group, Software related groups, SWE
  process groups, System Engineering groups, System
  Testing groups, SWQA groups,SW Configuration
  management groups, and Training groups)

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Organization Process Focus
Goals 1. SW activities coordinated across
organization 2. SWOT of SW processes used to
identify and related to a process standard 3.
Organizational level process development and
improvement activities are planned
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Organization Process Focus
Commitment to Perform 1. Organization follows
written policy for coordinating SW process
development and improvement activities across the
organization 2. Senior Management Sponsors the
Organizations activities for SW development and
improvement 3. Senior Management Oversees the
organizations activities for SW process
development and improvement
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Organization Process Focus
Ability to Perform 1. A group that is
responsible for the Organizations SW process
activities exists 2. Adequate resources and
funding are provided for the Organizations
software process activities 3. Members of the
group responsible for the organizations SW
process activities receive required training to
perform these activities 4. Members of the SWEG
and other SW-related groups receive orientation
on the organizations SW process activities and
their roles in those activities
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Organization Process Focus
Activities Performed 1. The SW process is
accessed periodically, and action plans are
developed to address the assessment findings 2.
The organization develops and maintains a plan
for its SW process development and improvement
activities 3. The Organizations and projects
activities for developing and improving their
software processes are coordinated at the
organizational level 4. The use of the
organizations SW process database is coordinated
at the organizational level
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Organization Process Focus
Activities Performed Cont.- 5. New processes,
methods, and tools in limited use in the
organization are monitored, evaluated, and where
appropriate, transferred to other parts of the
organization 6. Training for the Organizations
and projects SW processes is coordinated across
the organization. 7. The groups involved in
implementing the SW processes are informed of the
organizations and projects activities for SW
process development and improvement
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Organization Process Focus
Measurement and Analysis 1. Measurements are
made and used to determine the status of the
Organizations process development and
improvement activities (I.e Work completed,
effort expended, and funds expended in the
Organizations activities for process assessment,
development, and improvement compared to the
planned activities Also the results of the
assessments relative to previous assessments)
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Organization Process Focus
Verifying Implementation 1. The activities for
SW process development and improvement are
reviewed with senior management on a periodic
basis a. Progress and status of activities to
develop and improve SW processes reviewed against
the plan b. Unresolved conflicts resolve c.
Action items are assigned, reviewed and tracked
to closure d. Summary Report for each review
distributed to appropriate groups
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8.2 Organization Process Definition

• Purpose To develop and maintain a usable set of
  SW process assets that improve process
  performance across the projects and provides a
  basis for cumulative, long term benefits to the
  organization
• Involves developing and maintaining an
  understanding of the organizations standard SW
  process, along with related process assets
• (I.e. Descriptions of SW life cycles, process
  tailoring guidelines, and criteria, the
  organizations SW process database, and a library
  of software process- related documentation )
• The Organizations SW process assets are
  available for use in developing, implementing,
  and maintaining the projects defined SW processes

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Organization Process Definition
Goals 1. Standard SW process for the
organization is developed and maintained 2.
Information related to the use of the
organizations standard SW process by the SW
projects is collected, and made available
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Organization Process Definition
Commitment to Perform 1. The Organization
follows written policy for developing and
maintaining a standard SW process and related
process assets I (.e. Organizations standard SW
processes, guidelines and criteria, approved
descriptions of SW life cycles, organizational SW
database, SW library) The organization may have
more than one standard SW process for different
applications, tools, and methodologies
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Organization Process Definition
Ability to Perform 1. Adequate resources and
funding are provided for developing and
maintaining the organizations standard SW
process and related process assets 2. The
individuals who develop and maintain the
organizations standard SW process and related
process assets receive required training to
perform these activities
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Organization Process Definition
Activities Performed 1. The organizations
standard SW process is developed ad maintained
according to a documented procedure SW process
and related process assets 2. The organizations
standard software process is documented according
to established organization standards 3.
Descriptions of software life cycles that are
approved for use by the projects are documented
and maintained 4. Guidelines and criteria for the
projects tailoring of the organizations
standard SW process are developed and
maintained 5. The organizations SW process
database is established and maintained
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Organization Process Definition
Activities Performed Cont.- 6. A library of
software process-related documentation is
established and maintained 7.The organizations
standard software process is documented according
to established organization standards
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Organization Process Definition
Measurement and Analysis 1. Measurements are
made and used to determine the status of the
Organizations process definition activities
(I.e status of the schedule milestones for
process development and maintenance , and costs
for the process definition activities)
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Organization Process Definition
Verifying Implementation 1. The SWQA group
reviews and/or audits the organizations
activities and work products for developing and
maintaining the organizations standard SW
process and related process assets and report
results. Minimum handling includes 1.
Appropriate Standards are followed in developing
documenting, and maintaining the organizations
standard SW process and related process
assets 2. The Organizations standard SW process
and related process assets are controlled and
used appropriately
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8.3 Training Program
-Focuses on human side for any software
development project -purposedevelop skills and
knowledge of individuals Main questions to
start with what are our needs? By
projects--by organization--by individuals do
we have a necessary resources to allocate for
such training program? Budget--time--peopl
e(group performing)...
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Training Program
Goals to achieve -planned activities
training -provide skills knowledge and
technical roles to individuals -individuals
involved in software engineering group
receive the training necessary for their roles
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Training Program
Commitment to perform 1--// follow a written
policy for meeting training needs -training
needs are identified -facilities are allocated
exclassrooms,computers, videos.. -training
within the organization or obtained from
outside.. Ex from outside -
customer-provided training - academic
programs - seminars - professional
conferences - commercially available training
courses
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Training program
Ability to perform 1-- a group responsible for
fulfilling the training needs exists -who are the
people assigned? -Are they hired part time or
full time? -Are they from the organization (which
depart.) or from outside? -what are their
roles? ex some groups are focused on project
activities (software quality
assurance group)---quality some groups are
focused on organization-wide activities
(software engineering process
group)----input output
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Training Program
2--Adequate resources and funding are
provided -organizations training plan
provided -training materials ex workstations,
database programs... -development or procurement
of training -conduct of training -training
facilities ex classrooms, quiet
environment... -evaluation of training and
maintenance of training records
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Training Programs
3--Members of the training group have the
necessary skills and knowledge to perform
their training activities Ex training
instructional techniques, communication
skills... 4--Software managers receive
orientation on the training program they are
aware about the achievements and further steps
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Training Program
Activities Performed 1--every software project
has a specific training plan -what are the set
of skills needed? -what are the skills that can
be obtained through an informal vehicles? ex
-presentations - reading
books and journals - on the
job training -what are the skills that can be
obtained through formal training?
-Classroom training -guided
self study - facilitated video
-computer aided instructions

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Training Program
-for whom the training is required and when is
required? -how training will be provided?
--by the software project --by the
organizations training group --by an
external organization
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Training Program
3--The training plan is developed and revised
based on documented procedures
(documentation) documentation includes -the
needs identified--skills needed--when needed--how
obtained... -the training plan is reviewed by
affected individuals when ever changes are
made ex if the
schedule is to be changed ex of affected
individuals -senior
management -software
managers
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Training Program
-The organizations training plan is managed and
controlled the version of work product in use
at a given time is known
(version control) the changes are incorporated
in a controlled manner
(change control) -the training plan is available
to the affected groups and individuals
---senior management ---training group
---software estimating
---software quality insurance
---contract management and documentation
support etc
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Training program
3--the training should be performed according to
the organizations training plan ( all details
should be followed) 4--training courses are
developed and maintained according to
organization standards -description of each
training course ex -intended audience
-length of training -training
objectives -procedure for evaluation
-criteria for determining the students
satisfactory completion
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Training program
5--a waiver procedure for required training is
established ex some individuals may have skills
to perform their roles 6--records of training
are maintained -keep records of individuals who
have completed their training - keep records of
assigned and preformed training why is that
important? - improvement level.. -
consideration for assignments of the staff and
managers
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Training program
Measurement and analysis 1--measurement are made
to determine the status of the training
program activities ex -actual attendance at
each training course compared to the
the expected attendance -progress in
providing training courses compared to the plans
-number of training waivers provided over
time 2--measurement are made to determine the
quality training ex -results of post
training tests -reviews of courses from
students -feedback from software
managers
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Training program
Verify implementation 1--the training program
activities are reviewed with senior
management on a periodic basis purposeprovide
awareness and get insights 2--the training
program is independently evaluated on a periodic
basis for consistency with organizations
needs 3--the training program activities and work
product are reviewed and /or audited and the
results are reported make sure all steps
of the training plan are followed and executed
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8.4 Integrated software management
anticipate problems and act to minimize or
prevent their effects Goals -the projects
defined software process is a tailored version of
the organizations standard software process
it deals with managing software project in all
its plan aspect manages projects size, cost,
time, effort, staffing -make sure the project
is planned and managed according to the
projects defined software process
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Integrated software management
Commitment to perform 1--the project follows a
written organizational policy -the project
is planned and managed using the organizations
standards software process - any
deviation from standards is documented and
approved -the appropriate project
measurement data is collected and
stored in the organizations software process
database
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Integrated software management
Ability to perform 1--resources are provided for
managing software project using projects
defined software process 2--individuals
responsible for developing projects defined
software process are well trained in how to
tailor organizations standards software
process ex using software process
database 3--the software managers receive
required training in managing the
technical,administrative,and personal aspects of
the software project exmethods for
software estimating, planing, tracking
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Integrated software management
Activities performed 1--the project defined
software process is developed by tailoring
the organizations standards software process
according to a a documented procedure ex
-select software life cycle from previous
approved projects -modify if necessary and
provide documentation -description of
projects defined software process is documented
-waivers from organizations standards are
documented and approved
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Integrated software management
2--each projects defined software process
is revised based on documented
procedures Ex -lessons learned from
monitoring the software activities of
the organizations projects -work
product measurement data 3--the project
software development plan, which describes the
use of the projects defined software process, is
developed and revised according to a
documented procedure
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Integrated software management
4--the software project is managed according to
the projects defined software
process 5--the organizations software process
database is used for software
planning and estimating ex of data stored
-software cost -software effort
-size of the software work products
-schedule -staffing, and technical
activities
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Integrated software management
The software projects provides a new data to be
used and stored in the organizations software
process database ex task description
the estimates and revised estimates the
assumptions the actual measured data

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Integrated software management
6--the size of the software work products (or the
size of changes to the software work
products) is managed according to a
documented procedure this procedure requires
independence of estimating group exsoftware
estimating group using documentation to
evaluate the credibility of software size
estimate in comparison with a completed
system
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Integrated software management
7--the projects software effort and costs are
managed according to a documented
procedure use available data where
appropriate 8--the projects critical computer
resources are managed according to a
documented procedure estimates for the projects
computer resources are derived based on
historical experience,simulations,prototyping inc
ludes hardware, software...
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Integrated software management
9--The critical dependencies and critical paths
of the projects software schedule are
managed according to a documented
procedure ex different tasks of schedule detail,
appropriately tied to each other, are
developed to accommodate the needs of
individuals and groups critical
dependencies include both those within the
software engineering group and between
the software engineering group and other
affected groups
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Integrated software management
10--the projects risks are identified
and,assessed, documented and managed
according to a documented procedure exsoftware
project could fail to meet its objectives
in areas such schedule cost
functionality ex of activities to
manage risks include identification of events
that could introduce or increase risks
prototyping or early implementation of high-risk
modules
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Integrated software management
11--reviews of the software project are
periodically performed to adapt to the
projected and currents needs of the business
and customers ex of actions -accelerating the
schedule -changing the system requirement
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Integrated software management
Measurement and analysis measurement are made
and used to determine the effectiveness of
the integrated software management activities ex
effort expanded over time to manage the software
project compared to the plan
frequency, causes, and magnitude of replaning
effort for each identified software risk,
the realized adverse impact compared to
the estimated loss ...
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Integrated software management
Verifying implementation 1--the activities for
managing software project are reviewed with
senior management on a periodic basis 2-- the
activities for managing software project are
reviewed with the project manager on
periodic and event-driven basis 3--the software
quality group reviews and /or audits the
activities and work products for managing
the software projects and reports the results
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8.5 Software Product Engineering

• Purpose
• To consistently perform a well defined
  engineering process
• Involvement
• Performing the engineering tasks to build and
  maintain the software including analyzing,
  developing, designing, implementing, integrating
  and testing.

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Software Product EngineeringGoals

• Goal 1
• The Software Engineering tasks are defined,
  integrated, and consistently performed to produce
  the software.
• Goal 2
• Software work products are kept consistent with
  each other.

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Software Product EngineeringCommitment to Perform

• The project follows a written organizational
  policy for performing the software engineering
  activities.
• Policy are
• Tasks performed in accordance with the projects
  defined software process.
• Methods and tools are used
• Software plans, tasks and products are traceable.

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Software Product EngineeringAbility to Perform

• Ability 1
• Adequate resources and funding are provided
• Ability 2
• Members of SE technical staff receive training
• Ability 3
• Orientation in related SE disciplines.
• Ability 4
• The project manager and all software Managers
  receive orientation.

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Software Product EngineeringActivities Performed

• Activity 1
• Appropriate SE methods and tools are integrated.
• Activity 2
• Software requirements are developed, maintained,
  documented, and verified.
• Activity 3
• The software design is developed, maintained,
  documented, and verified.

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Software Product EngineeringActivities Performed

• Activity 4
• The software code is developed, maintained,
  documented, verified.
• Activity 5
• Software testing is performed.
• Activity 6
• Integration testing of the software is planned
  and performed.
• Activity 7
• System and acceptance testing of the software
  are planned and performed

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Software Product EngineeringActivities Performed

• Activity 8
• The documentation is developed and maintained
• Activity 9
• Data on defects identified in peer reviews and
  testing are collected and analyzed.
• Activity 10
• Consistency is maintained across software work
  products.

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Software Product EngineeringMeasurement and
Analysis

• Measurement 1
• Measurements are made and used to determine the
  functionality and quality of the software
  products.
• Measurement 2
• Measurements are made and used to determine the
  status of the software product engineering
  activities.

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Software Product EngineeringVerifying
Implementation

• Verification 1
• The activities for software product engineering
  are reviewed with senior management on a periodic
  basis.
• Verification 2
• The activities for software product engineering
  are reviewed with the project manager on both a
  periodic and event-driven basis.
• Verification 3
• The software quality assurance group reviews
  and/or audits the activities and work products.

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8.6 Intergroup Coordination

• Purpose
• Active participation with other groups
• The project is better able to satisfy the
  customers needs .
• Involvement
• Software engineering group and other project
  engineering groups addressing system
  requirements, objectives and other issues jointly
• Representatives work with end user to establish
  the requirements
• Result of establishment become basis for all
  engineering activities

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Intergroup Coordination

• Goals
• Customers requirements are agreed to by all
  affected groups
• Commitments between groups are agreed to by the
  affected groups
• Engineering groups identify, track and resolve
  inter-group issues

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Intergroup CoordinationCommitment to perform

• Commitment 1
• The project follows a written organizational
  policy for establishing interdisciplinary
  engineering teams
• Policy specifies that
• System requirements and project-level objectives
  are defined and reviewed by all affected groups
• Ex. Software engineering, system test ,
  documentation support , etc.
• The engineering groups coordinate their plans and
  activities
• Manager have a duty to ensure a good interaction
  environment
• include interaction, coordination, support, good
  teamwork between the projects engineering
  groups

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Intergroup CoordinationAbility to perform

• Ability 1
• Enough resources and funding for coordinating
  activities throughout the engineering groups
• Ability 2
• Compatibility of all support tools used
  throughout
• Ex. Database systems, graphics tools, library
  management tools
• Ability 3
• All managers get the required teamwork training
• Ex. Building and managing teams

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Intergroup CoordinationAbility to perform

• Ability 4
• Orientation about processes and methods used by
  other available to each task leader
• Ability 5
• Members of engineering team receive teamwork
  orientation

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Intergroup CoordinationActivities performed

• Activity 1
• All developing groups establish system
  requirements with end users
• Activity 2
• Group representatives coordinate and monitor
  technical activities to resolve technical issues
  by
• Providing technical reviews
• Tracking and reviewing the design
• Assessing technical risks
• Resolving project level conflicts
• Activity 3
• Documented plan to communicate intergroup
  commitments and to track the work performed

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Intergroup CoordinationActivities performed

• Activity 4
• Use documented procedure to track critical
  dependencies between groups
• Such as item to be provided, who will provide it
• Activity 5
• Work products produced as input to other groups
  are tested by receiving groups .
• Activity 6
• They use documented procedures to handle
  un-resolvable issues by the individual
  representatives
• Activity 7
• Periodic technical reviews by project
  representatives

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Intergroup CoordinationMeasurement and Analysis

• Measurement 1
• Measurements are made and used to determine the
  status of the intergroup coordination activities
• Such as actual effort and resources spent
  supporting other groups

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Intergroup CoordinationVerifying implementation

• Verification 1
• Senior management periodically reviews activities
  for intergroup coordination.
• Verification 2
• Project manager reviews activities for intergroup
  coordination on both a periodic and event driven
  basis.
• Verification 3
• The software quality assurance group reviews and
  or audits the activities and work products for
  intergroup coordination and reports the results.
• Such as the handling of intergroup issues

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8.7 Peer Reviews

• Purpose
  
  
• Early and efficient removal of defects from
  software work products
• Involvement
• A methodical examination of software work
  products by the producers peers to identify
  defects and areas to change
• Goals
• Peer review activities are planned
• Defects in the software work products are
  identified and removed

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Peer reviewsCommitment to Perform

• Commitment 1
• The project follows a written organizational
  policy for performing peer reviews
• Policy specifies that
• Organization identifies a standard set of
  software work products to undergo peer review
• Each project identifies software work products to
  undergo peer review
• Peer reviews are led by trained peer review
  leaders
• Peer reviews focus on products reviewed and not
  developers
• Management does not use results to evaluate
  individuals

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Peer ReviewsAbility to perform

• Ability 1
• There is adequate resources and funding for each
  product reviewed
• Distribution of resources
• Prepare and distribute the peer review materials,
  Lead the peer review
• Review the materials, follow-up reviews, monitor
  the rework
• Collect and report the data resulting from the
  peer reviews
• Ability 2
• Peer review leaders receive required training in
  how to lead peer reviews
• Such as planning, evaluating, collecting,
  reporting the results
• Ability 3
• Reviewers receive training in the objectives,
  principles and method to use
• Such as types of peer reviews, roles of
  reviewing, estimating the effort

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Peer ReviewsActivities performed

• Activity 1
• Peer reviews are planned and plans are documented
• Plans then
• Identify the software work products to undergo
  peer review
• Specify the schedule of peer reviews
• Activity 2
• Peer reviews are performed according to a
  documented procedure
• The procedure specifies that
• Peer reviews are planned and led by trained peer
  review leaders
• Peer review materials are distributed to the
  reviewers in advance
• Reviewers have assigned roles in peer reviews
• Checklists are used, completion criteria
  identified

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Peer Reviews

• Measurement and Analysis
• Measurement 1
• Measurements are made and used to determine the
  status of the peer review activities
• Such as number of peer reviews performed, overall
  effort expended
• Verifying implementation
• Verification 1
• Software quality assurance group reviews and /or
  audits the activities and work products for peer
  reviews and reports the results that
• The planned peer reviews are conducted
• The peer review leaders are adequately trained
  for their roles
• The reviewers are properly trained or experienced
  in their roles

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• Any questions?