Discuss the characteristics of fish in a healthy habitat.

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Discuss the characteristics of fish in a healthy
habitat. Identify major breeds of fish used as
pets.
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Freshwater Fish

• Species

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• Egg laying fish Females lay eggs and males
  fertilize them
• Live bearing fish give birth to live young.

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Egg Laying Fish

• Examples

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Spawning is the reproduction ritual where eggs
are deposited and fertilized by egg
laying species of fish.
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Goldfish Hardy and easy to keep freshwater fish
that prefer pools or cold water aquariums that
have temperatures in the range of 32 - 68F.
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Recommended as the ideal beginner fish pet
because as long as water is kept clean, their
care is not difficult
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Koi are a member of the goldfish family used in
cold water aquariums and ponds.
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Koi must be moved to outside pools once they
reach 5" in length and may grow to 3 FEET in
length
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• Beta Fish Freshwater fish that are very
  aggressive.
• - Often kept alone in aquariums
• Males must NEVER EVER be put in the same
  aquarium.
• Males are flashier!

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Male Betta Fish!
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Female Betta Fish
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• Tetras
• medium care fish.
• does well in community aquariums.

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Neon tetras
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• Catfish
• include the
• Upside-down catfish
• Glass catfish
• Electric catfish.

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Catfish, Upside down catfish
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Live Bearing Fish

• Examples

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Live bearing Fish Reproduction is accomplished by
deposit of sperm by male inside the female to
fertilize the eggs until they develop into nearly
full formed fish.
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Guppies Very popular and varieties only differ
in shapes of their fins and tails.
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Fancy guppy
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May average giving birth to 50 live fry each
time!!
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Swordtails known for its long sword-like caudal
fin.
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Gold swordtail
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Mollies Most Molly species are black and have
large fins.
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• Mollies can have problems
• with their large fins, may have fins grow so
  large swimming is difficult.
• Mollies prefer to
• live in large schools (groups).

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Platys These fish are very popular and come in
a variety of colors
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Saltwater Fish

• Species

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Most saltwater species are egg layers.
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Angelfish (Some can live in freshwater.) They
have a delicate appearance but are very hardy.
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Freshwater angelfish
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Saltwater angelfish
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Clown fish - Orange fish with white bands edged
in black - known for their ability to live around
the tentacles of the sea anemone in a mutually
beneficial relationship known as symbiosis.
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Clown fish
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Discuss the characteristics of fish in a healthy
habitat. Discuss fish physiology and aquarium
culture.
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Ornamental fish are fish kept for their
appearance (bright colors and fancy
fins), personal appeal to people, and are not
usually used for food.
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Tropical fish are popular fish for aquariums that
come from the warmer regions of the world.
discus
African Cichlids
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Marine fish are fish that are kept in salt water
aquariums. Marine fish are often more colorful
than freshwater varieties.
Royal Angelfish
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Freshwater fish are fish that are kept in a
freshwater tank. Often, they are the most popular
fish for pets.
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Community fish are fish that do well in an
aquarium with other fish species.
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• Species fish do best in an aquarium with fish of
  the same species. Examples
  include
• Pacu
• Red-Tailed Shark
• Spiny eels

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Pacu-piranhas
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Pacus get large
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Red tail shark
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Spiny Eel Fish
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1. Bottom feeders (dwellers) are fish that
inhabit the lower level of the aquarium and feed
off the bottom.
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• A fishs mouth can determine its feeding habits

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Fish have organs called gills 1. Water is drawn
through the mouth by constant opening and
closing 2. Forces water into the pharynx
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4. Dissolved oxygen in water is taken into the
blood. 5. CO2 is released into the water from the
gills
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Signs and Symptoms of sickness/ diseases in fish
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Signs your fish are ill 1. Fish are behaving
unusual/strange. 2. Fish are floating to surface,
sinking to bottom, or leaning to the side of
aquarium.
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3. Fishs fins are unusually laying flat against
the body. 4. A fish is off by itself and not
swimming with the school.
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5. Fish at the surface gasping for air.
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6. Fish fins appearance is frayed.
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7. White spots are covering body. 8. Protruding
eyes.
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B. Parasites
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• White spot (Ich/Ick)
• found under skin
• Most common disease found in aquarium fish.

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Slime disease parasites attack skin of
fish. Heavy mucus dulls skin color
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3. Hole-in-the-head organism Hexsamita live
under skin in muscle tissue make tissue break
down and skin opens to make fish appear to have
holes.
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Hole in the head
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Bacterial Disease
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Finrot - the edges of the fishs fins start to
appear frayed and ragged, lose their color and
the tissue between the fins breaks down.
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• Some fish need to be placed in a hospital tank
  and treated before returning to normal tank.
• Most of the diseases and treatments can be found
  at your local pet store.

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Develop a fish aquarium that maintains a suitable
aquatic environment. Discuss aquarium equipment.
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Considerations when purchasing an aquarium
or
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• Type
• Glass or plastic?
• - Plastic is cheaper, but all glass is easier to
  clean.

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• Size
• Ranges from a simple Beta or goldfish bowl to 10,
  30, 50, or 100 gallon plus.

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Size depends on the amount of you want to
invest and the type (species) of fish.
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in wall fish tank
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Shape depends on personal preference and species
of fish you are interested in raising. The most
common shape is rectangular.
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5. Species type of fish purchasing, freshwater
versus tropical
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• Equipment needed for an aquarium
• Filter
• Heater/thermometer
• Substrate (gravel)
• Chemicals
• Decorations
• Air pump
• Power head (salt water tank)
• Lights

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Filter Filter Cartridges
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Air pumps tubing
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Lighting Bulbs
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Gravel vacuum
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Water changes

• Water changes should be done once or twice a
  month.
• Only change ¼ of the water at one time

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KNOW THIS!!
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Steps to setting up a fish tank(Freshwater)

• Decide size type of fish RESEARCH!
• Determine budget
• Purchase needed supplies
• Clean tank and all accessories
• Fill tank with water

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Setting up the tank

• 6. Set up heater, filter and air pump.
• - ensure that they are working
• 7. Add chemicals (remove chlorine, add bacteria,
  pH balance, etc)

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Setting up the tank

• 8. Let the tank cycle for 1-3 weeks before adding
  fish
• 9. Test the water (do yourself or take to
  fishstore)
• 9. Add a few starter fish hearty, small and
  inexpensive
• 10. After 4-8 weeks of continued cycling and
  monitoring you can add more fish slowly

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• Maintain the tank!
• Water changes - 25 once a week/month (depends
  on species)
• Change and clean filter
• Scrub algae
• Check and change out lights (planted tank UVA/UVB
  bulbs need to be replaced every 6 months)