Democracy and Reform

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Democracy and Reform

• Chap. 14

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Reform in Great Britain

• Great Britain slowly toward Democracy, the
  Monarch had little power and executive power was
  in the hands of the cabinet and Parliament held
  the Legislative. The country still did not have a
  true Democracy the parliament was made up of the
  Aristocracy.
• Farmers were well represented but not middle
  class city people. The Whig party pushed for more
  voting rights for the people. The Tory party
  always voted them down.The Kings helped out and
  the Reform Bill was passed. Reform act of 1832-
  lowered property qualifications and gave more
  middle class male the right to vote

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Reform movements

• The Chartists- wanted voting rights for all
  males, no property qualifications. They created a
  document called the Peoples Charter
• Anti-corn League- wanted a repeal of a tax on the
  importation of foreign grain. Finally the tax was
  repealed due to a Irish crop failure.

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Leadership of Great Britain

• The Queen was Victoria took the throne at age 18
  and ruled for 64 years. She two great Prime
  Ministers to help her William Gladstone
  Benjamin Disraeli.
• William Gladstone- very religious man, always
  sought to apply morality to politics, he made
  reforms in education gov. administration,
  elections. Civil service reform, Education
  act 1870, ballot act of 1872, redistribution act
  of 1885.
• Benjamin Disraeli- he lowered property
  qualifications for voting, extended voting to all
  male homeowners, he increased voting electorate
  by 1 million men

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Queen Victoria
William Gladstone
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Benjamin Disraeli
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Democracy on the rise

• Labor union created- began staging strikes an
  demonstrations
• Fabian society- pushed for improved working
  conditions, wanted peaceful means of obtaining
  their goals, favored parliament actions instead
  of strikes
• Labour party- was a combination of labor parties
  and the Fabians(socialists) they pushed
  legislation for old age pensions, and minimum
  wage,unemployment health insurance

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Edith Nesbit
Edward Pease
Hubert Bland
Fabian Society Jan. 1884
Frank Podmore
Havelock Ellis
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Founded the Womens social and political union in
1900s
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Ireland

• Ireland was mostly Catholic but ruled by the
  Protestant
• 1801 Ireland was joined to Great Britain by
  Parliament. Catholics were not allowed to vote or
  hold office until 1829
• Due to the Great Hunger in Ireland many died
  due to little aid from the British gov. many
  moved to the U.S.

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Sec 2 The Dominions

• Great Britain 1/4 of the Worlds land, Britain
  became the richest country in the world
• Canada-one part French, Immigrant British, other
  Loyalist from the colonies. 1763 Britain obtains
  French Quebec due to the French and Indian war.
  Catholic French did not like the British
  Protestants. Constitutional act of 1791- split
  Canada into two parts upper and lower. Rebellion
  began and England solved the problem by making
  Canada a Dominion-self governing territory. This
  was called the British North America act 1867.
  First prime minister of Canada was John A.
  Macdonald. Canada extended its territory to
  include- the Northwest territory in 1869. By 1905
  all of the provinces were added to Canada.

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Australia and New Zealand

• Prisoners colony, 1860 gold rush stopped the
  transportation of prisoners.
• The aborigines-treated harshly, many died due to
  disease
• 1901 Australia became a dominion of Great Britain
• New Zealand- the first European to visit the
  island was James cook. Whalers came to the
  island and timber traders.The Maori were the
  first inhabitants. Treaty of Waitangi protected
  the Maori.The first settlement of New Zealand the
  economy depended on wool. New Zealand received a
  constitution in 1852 from Great Britain.1907 New
  Zealand became a dominion of Great Britain.

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http//www.maoriculture.co.nz/sitemap2.htm
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Political struggles in France

• France had a tradition of revolutions, 1815 Louis
  XVIII restored to power, died 1824
• Charles X (brother) tried to restore absolute
  power to king with the help of ultraroyalists-beli
  ef in return to old power. Legislative assembly
  opposed. King dissolved the assembly and issues
  the July ordiances end press freedom and voting
  rights restricted.
• July 27, 1830 Parisian workers revolt and
  overthrow the king.

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Louis XVIII
Charles X
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Louis Philippe
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• Citizen king Louis Philippe was chosen king,
  because he acted middle class.
• People became discontented with Louis Philippe-
  he to favored the wealthy. The people appealed to
  him for voting rights, he refused . The people
  appealed to Prime minister Francois Guizot he
  refused.
• Revolution of 1848 started because Guizot
  canceled a banquet- the people heard to late and
  they began shouting. Louis Philippe sent out the
  troops but the troops joined the people and the
  king fleed to Britian

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Second empire

• Revolutionary leaders set up sec. Republic-and a
  french constitution, including a legislature, and
  the election of President, and voting rights to
  all males.
• Louis Napoleon became President-democratic
  reformer? He wanted to please everyone-catholic
  church(power over education) people revolted over
  the decision. National assembly tried to put the
  revolt down by restricting the peoples rights
  and revoked voting rights. Louis Napoleon
  encouraged a coup-detat-overthrow.He dissolved
  the assembly, gave voting rights back,He called
  for a plebiscite_national vote to create a new
  constitution.He now had executive and legislative
  control. By 1852 he became emperor of France

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• War between France and Great Britain vs Russia.
  The fighting was over who had the right to
  protect christians in the empire (ottoman). The
  ottoman emperor sided with France. Czar Nicholas
  attacks the Ottaman Turks.The treaty of Paris
  ends the fighting .(Florence Nightingale- nurse)
• End of empire of France- Prussiaended Napoleons
  empire.He declared war of Prussia July 19,
  1870The prussians defeated France in 6 weeksThe
  Prussians took Napoleon III as Prisoner. Peace
  with Prussia-French surrendered Alsace and
  Lorraineand about 1 billion dollars to Prussia.

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Third Republic

• Established in- 1875 consisted of two houses and
  the two houses elected the president every
  official act required support of both houses.
• The New republic came under attack by General
  Georges Boulanger-he wanted revenge against
  Prussia. He wanted a ne w legislature 1888, 1889
  he was encouraged to overthrow the government.but
  the Gov tried to arrest him and he fled. Sec.
  Threat was the construction of the panama canal-
  thousands of French stockholders lost money,
  Charges of dishonesty erupted. Dreyfus
  affair-French army officer convicted of selling
  secrets, sent to devils island, the real person
  is caught , the gov gives new trial and still
  finds him quilty, he was Jewish and some believe
  that is the reason he was convicted.

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Expansion of The United States

• U.S. GROWS- 1803 Napoleon I sells land to the
  U.S. to receive money to defeat Great Britian. He
  sells the Louisiana Territory and New Orleans for
  15 Million dollars. Purchased by Pres. Thomas
  Jefferson. Land Between Rocky Mts. And
  Mississippi river.
• 1819 Spain gives up Florida
• 1845 Texas was Annexed by U.S. Mexico goes to war
  with U.S. in 1848 and Mexico loses and gives up
  California, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona,
  Wyoming, New Mexico. Utah and Washington were
  obtained over a border dispute from Great Britian
• 1853 U.S. received the Gadsden Purchase- for 10
  million from Mexico Southern New Mexico and
  Arizona.

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Rise of the United States

• At first citizen in the U.S. had restricted
  voting rights. As Democracy was on the rise and
  people moved west voting rights changed. By 1856
  all states had granted all white males the right
  to vote.
• The industrial revolution expanded to the U.S.
  The North had become the industrial centers and
  the South had become the ram materials that the
  industries needed.
• The nation became divided- sectionalismthe
  devotion to the political and economic interest
  of a region or section of a country. Also slavery
  was a issue. South wanted to expand slavery into
  the west.
• By 1860 Result 18 slave and 15 free. With
  election of Abraham Lincoln South Carolina seded.
  Feb. 8, 1861formed the Confederate States of
  America

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• War lasted from 1861 to 1865 - the Civil War. War
  between the States. 22 Million in the North 9
  Million in the south. 600,000 would die. After
  the war three amendments were passed. 13th , 14th
  and 15th amendments.
• After Civil War- industries grew, textile mills,
  lumber. 1900 oil fields, iron works were
  producing more.
• Immigration increased- 1870 - 1900 grew from 38
  to 76 million. The Irish came due to the Potato
  famine in 1840s. By 1900 immigrants from Italy
  Russia, and Austria-Hungary, made up 3/4 of
  immigrant pop. Chinese immigrant came to
  California

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Women Rights

• Women like-Lucretia Mott and Sjourner Truth
  pushed for Womens rights in the 1850s.
• National Woman Suffrage Association started by
  Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
• Women received the right ot vote in Wyoming,
  Colorado and Utah. By 1918 women had received the
  right to vote in many western states. Sept 1918
  Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to pass a amendment
  for all people 21 and up the right to vote.
  Regardless of sex. The 19th amendment was passed.

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John C. Calhoun
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Atlanta after Sherman March to the Sea
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Appomattox Court house