Democratic Reform and Progress

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Democratic Reform and Progress

• Chapter 26

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British Voting Reforms

• Suffrage the right to vote
• Prior to 1800 only about 5 of British men could
  vote
• Victorian Age (1837 1901)
• Queen Victoria reigns over the British Empire at
  its highest wealth and power
• Government shifted as voting rights moved power
  to the Prime Minister and House of Commons
  (elected positions)

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British Voting Reforms (cont.)

• Reform Bill of 1832
• Allowed more middle class men to vote
• Changed the voting districts to include new
  industrial centers
• Chartist Movement
• The Peoples Charter of 1838 demanded more
  voting rights
• 1867 working-class men get the right to vote
• 1884 rural working men get the right to vote

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The Womens Suffrage Movement

• In the 1880s and 1890s women around the world
  began calling for voting rights
• Women organized groups to promoted voting rights
  (some were peaceful, some were not)
• Granting Womens suffrage
• New Zealand 1893
• Australia 1902
• Finland 1906
• Norway 1913
• U.S., Great Britain, most of Europe do not
  grant until after World War I

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Self-rule for British Colonies

• Canada
• Upper Canada (majority English) and Lower Canada
  (majority French) joined together after 1839
• Dominion of Canada (1867) allowed Canada to be
  self-ruled (though still part of the British
  Empire)
• Australia
• Originally a penal colony, free settlers came in
  large numbers in the 1800s
• Aborigines native peoples nearly destroyed by
  disease and displacement
• 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia became a
  dominion
• Australian Ballot secret ballot
• New Zealand
• Population grew slowly as land was controlled by
  the Maori
• 1839 Britain annexes New Zealand sparking
  numerous wars between the Maori and British
  settlers
• Early 1900s, New Zealand becomes a Dominion and
  Maori are pushed into remote parts of the country

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Ireland

• 1100s 1800 British control Ireland
• 1801 Ireland represented in Parliament
• 1845 1851 Irish Potato Famine
• 1850 1920 demands for home rule
• Easter Rising 1916
• Irish Republican Army (IRA)
• 1921 southern Ireland granted home rule
• 1949 becomes Republic of Ireland

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France and the Dreyfus Affair

• Third Republic
• Began in 1875 and lasted for 60 years, though did
  not fully united the people of France
• Captain Alfred Dreyfus
• Jewish military officer accused of selling
  military secrets to the Germans
• Sentenced to life in prison, despite evidence
  that he was framed (eventually released)
• Example of the problems of French democracy and
  of anti-Semitism

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Anti-Semitism and Zionism

• Anti-Semitism prejudice or hatred toward people
  of Jewish decent
• Spread throughout Europe (especially Eastern)
• Caused many Jews to flee Europe (many to the
  U.S.)
• Zionism
• Started by Theodor Herzl in the 1890s
• Goal was to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine
• 1948 Israel was established

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United States Grows

• Manifest Destiny Americas expansion west
• Annexation of Texas (1845)
• Mexican American War (1846 1848)
• Gained California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah
• Civil War (1861 1865)
• Issues of states rights
• Emancipation Proclamation changes the meaning
  of the war to ending slavery
• Post-war America
• Reconstruction slavery ends (13th Amendment)
  but segregation of blacks continues for 100 years
• U.S. industrializes, grows in population (large
  immigration), and becomes a world power by 1914

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Medicine

• Louis Pasteur (France) discovers that bacteria
  causes disease
• Joseph Lister (Great Britain) begins to
  sterilize his surgical wards and to use
  antiseptics
• Cities begin building plumbing and sewer systems
• Vaccines for typhus, typhoid fever, diphtheria,
  and yellow fever developed

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Science

• Charles Darwin (Great Britain)
• Publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of
  Natural Selection (1859)
• Theory of Evolution
• Gregor Mendel (Austria)
• Began what would become the science of genetics
• John Dalton (Great Britain)
• Theorized that matter is made up of atoms
• Dmitri Mendeleev (Russia)
• Created the periodic table
• Mari Curie (France)
• Discovered radioactivity

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Social Sciences

• Based off of scientific discoveries, in the 1800s
  people began to study archaeology, anthropology,
  and sociology
• New field of psychology to study the human mind
• Ivan Pavlov (Russia)
• Sigmund Freud (Austria)

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Mass Culture

• Chart page 767
• Art, music, writing, and other entertainment
  spreads from the elite to all people
• Music halls, movies, and sporting events become
  popular throughout Europe and the U.S.