Mxico

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México
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José Gaudalupe Posada

• 1851-1913
• Born in Aguascalientes, Mex.
• Published in Mexico, D.F.
• Famous for lithographs featuring skeletons and
  skulls
• Satirizes upper-class society of the porfiriato

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Macabre satire
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Macabre satire
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Macabre satire
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Macabre satire
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Macabre satire
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Post-Revolutionary Consolidation
Victoriano Huerta
Venustiano Carranza
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Consolidation

• Alvaro Obregón
• 1880 1928
• President, 1920-1924
• Arranged succession of Plutarco Elías Calles
• Calles founded PRI

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PRI

• Partido de la Revolución Institucional
• Agrarian reform
• Respect for ejido
• Subsidies and welfare
• State industry
• State-controlled unions
• Rule by bribery and repression
• Stability, relative prosperity, and growth

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Lázaro Cárdenas

• President, 1934-1940
• Led Mexico out of the Great Depression
• Nationalized Mexico's petroleum reserves
• Distributed lands to peasants
• Invested heavily in state industries

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Lázaro Cárdenas

• The Franklin Roosevelt of Mexico
• A hero to Mexico's poor and working classes
• A hero to Mexican nationalists
• Legacy A stable and proud society that lived on
  the patrimony of the state

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Luis Echeverría

• Secretary of Interior under Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
• Tlatelolco Massacre, 1968
• President, 1970-1976
• Nationalist mining and electric industries
• Redistributed more land
• Emblematic of the worst of the PRI repression,
  cronyism, corruption

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Tlatelolco Massacre
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Tlatelolco Massacre
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Tlatelolco Massacre
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Tlatelolco Massacre
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Rock on...
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Carlos Salinas

• President, 1988-1994
• Ushered in age of neoliberalism
• Free trade - NAFTA
• Privatization
• Deregulation
• Fiscal discipline
• Cuts in social programs and subsidies

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Ernesto Zedillo

• President, 1994-2000
• El Crack
• The December mistake
• Value of peso cut in HALF overnight!!!
• Wave of bankruptcies and default on debts
• Standard of living plummets
• Democratized Mexico

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Vicente Fox

• President, Dec. 2000 to present
• PAN (National Action Party)?
• First president not from PRI since its founding
• Attempted but failed to completely dismantle the
  Mexican welfare state
• Continued policies of Salinas and Zedillo
• Has failed to deliver cleaner, more transparent
  government

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Felipe Calderón

• Became President Dec. 1, 2006
• Member of PAN (National Action Party)?
• Graduate of Harvard's Kennedy School
• Economic policy neoliberal (flat tax, lower
  taxes, free trade, balanced budget)?
• Social policy strict Roman Catholic (opposes
  contraception, abortion, euthanasia)?
• Election scandal July 2, despite exit polling
  giving commanding lead to PRD candidate López
  Obrador, IFE (Federal Election Institute) deems
  election too close to call. July 6, declares
  Calderón winner by 0.58 of vote.
• Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact government
  intervention to cap price of essential staple
• First Employment Program Government subsidizes
  wages for first-time job holders