ionic bond

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Chapter 5.2
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Study Guide

• Source
• Campbell, N.A., Williamson, B., and Heyden, R.J.
  (2004) Biology Exploring Life. Upper Saddle
  River, New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc.,
  Chapter 4.

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carbohydrates
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• Carbohydrates are organic molecules made up of
  sugar molecules.
• Almost all carbohydrates are hydrophilic (love
  water)

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sugars
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• Sugars consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
  oxygen (O) in a ratio of
• 1 C 2 H 1 O
• Sugar molecules are the main energy supply for
  the cells.

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monosaccharides
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• Simple sugars that contain just one sugar molecule

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Disaccharides
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• Disaccharides are sugars constructed from two
  monosaccharides.

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Polysaccharides
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• Polysaccharides are long polymer chains made up
  of simple sugar monomers.
• Complex carbohydrates

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Starch
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• Starch is a polysaccharide found in plant cells.

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Glycogen
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• Plants and animals that eat plants break down
  starch for energy and building materials.
• In animal cells excess sugar is stored as
  glycogen.
• When energy is needed, the cells break down
  glycogen.

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Cellulose
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• A polysaccharide in plants, which protects and
  stiffens plant cells.

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What is another name for polysaccharides?
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• Polysaccharides are also called complex
  carbohydrates.

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What are 3 types of complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides)?
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• Three types of complex carbohydrates are
• Starch
• Glycogen
• Cellulose

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How do cells use simple sugar molecules?
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• The cell breaks down simple sugars
  (monosaccharides) to harness energy much like
  your family car breaks down gasoline.

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Contrast a disaccharide and a polysaccharide.
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• Sugars constructed from two monosaccharides are
  disaccharides.
• Cells break down disaccharides for energy or
  store them for later use.
• Long polymer chains made up of simple sugar
  monomers are called polysaccharides, or complex
  carbohydrates.

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