Chapter 6 Ionic and Covalent Bonds

1
Chapter 6Ionic and Covalent Bonds

• 1. What happens when the highest energy level is
  occupied
• Answer Atom is stable and not likely to react
  with
• other atoms
• 2. Why are Noble gases stable and not likely to
  react
• with other elements?
• Answer They have stable electron
• configuration with
• eight Valance e-
• 2. What is the Electron Dot Diagram?
• Answer Model of an atom in which
• each dot represents
• the Valance e-

Neon has 8 Valance e- and is stable
2

• 3. How do elements achieve stable configuration ?
• Answer Through transfer of electrons from one
• atom to another
• 4. Draw the electron configuration for these two
  elements
• Answer

-

Na Cl Na Cl

• Sodium/Na donates its one e- to Chlorine/Cl
• A new substance called NaCl or Sodium Chloride
• is formed.
• What is this substance?

Table salt we all love
3
Ionic Bonds

• 5. How is an Ion formed?
• Answer When an atom loses or gains an
• electron or e-
• 6. What is an Anion?
• Answer An Ion with a negative (-) charge
• PS The atom now gained electron(s)
• 7. What is a cation ?
• Answer An Ion with a positive () charge
• PS The atom now lost elctron(s)

4

• 8. Particle with negative charge will attract
  particle
• with a positive charge True or
  False
• Answer True
• Think of positive and negative magnets
  
• attracting each other
• 9. What is a chemical bond?
• Answer It is the force that holds atoms
• or ions together
• 10. How are Ionic bonds formed?
• Answer Ionic bonds form when electrons e- are
• transferred from one atom to another

5

• 11. When does an electron move to higher energy
  level?
• Answer When an atom absorbs energy
• 12. How are Cations formed?
• Answer Cations form when electrons gain enough
  energy
• to escape from atoms
• 13. What is the amount of energy used to remove
• an electron called?
• Answer Ionization Energy
• 14. What are Ionic compounds?
• Answer Compounds that contain Ionic bonds

6

• 15. What is a chemical formula?
• Answer Notation that shows what elements a
• compound is made of and what the ratio
  of
• atoms or ions of these elements is
• in the compound
• Example H2SO4 is Sulfuric Acid made of
  Hydrogen,
• Sulfur and Oxygen atoms
• How many atoms for each element are there?
• Hydrogen There are 2 Hydrogen atoms
• Sulfur There is 1 Sulfur atom
• Oxygen There are 4 Oxygen atoms

7

• 16. Which atom is transferring its electrons?
  
• Magnesium atom or Chlorine atom?
• Answer Magnesium
• 17. Which atom is now a Cation and which one is
  the Anion and why?
• Remember it has to do with the transfer of
  electrons from one atom to another..!!
• Answer
• Cation is Magnesium because it lost 2 e- and
  now
• has a 2 charge
• Anion is Chlorine because it gained 2 e-
  from
• Magnesium and now has a charge of 2-

8

• 18. Draw the Electron Configuration for Magnesium
  Chloride
• Answer
• Magnesium has 2 Valance e-
• Chlorine has 7 Valance e-
• It takes less energy for Magnesium to give up
  its 2 e-
• than for Chlorine to give up its 7 e-

-
Cl
Cl
Mg
2
-
Mg
Cl
Cl
9

• 19. What is the formula for Magnesium Chloride?
• Answer MgCl2
• ? You will notice that Chlorine has the number 2
  next
• to it in the formula. This is called
  Subscript
• 20. What is a subscript?
• Answer A subscript shows how many atoms of each
  
• element are present in a compound
• 21. Figure 5A shows that ions in Sodium Chloride
• (AKA common table salt) are arranged in
  orderly,
• three dimensional structure called?
• Answer Lattice

10

• 22. What are crystals?
• Answer Solids whose particles are arranged in a
• lattice structure
• Example Salt aka.
• NaCl or Sodium Chloride
• 23. How can the properties of Ionic compounds be
• explained?
• Answer They can be explained by the strong
  attractions
• among Ions within a crystal lattice
• 24. Why does an ionic crystal shatter when struck
  by
• a hammer
• Answer Ions move from their fixed positions and
  those
• with the same charge will repel each
  other

11
(No Transcript)