Chemical Bonding

1
Chemical Bonding

• Polarity of Compounds

2
Bond Polarity

• Nonpolar Covalent Bond when 2 atoms are joined
  by a covalent bond and the bonding electrons are
  shared equally

3
Bond Polarity

• Polar Covalent Bond when 2 atoms are joined by
  a covalent bond and the bonding electrons are not
  shared equally

4
Differences between polar, nonpolar, and ionic
bonds
5
How do you determine if a bond is polar,
nonpolar, or ionic?

• Subtract the electronegativities of the bonding
  atoms

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Electronegativity Differences Bond Type
Type of Bond Electronegativity Difference Range
Nonpolar Covalent Bond 0.0 0.4
Polar Covalent Bond 0.5 1.67
Ionic Bond greater than 1.67
7
Determine if the bonds between the following
atoms are polar, nonpolar, or ionic
1. Hydrogen and Carbon 2. Oxygen and Carbon 3.
Potassium and Chlorine 4. Fluorine and Fluorine
H 2.1 C 2.5 0.4 Nonpolar
O 3.5 C 2.5 1.0 Polar
K 0.8 Cl 3.0 2.2 Ionic
F 4.0 F 4.0 0.0 Nonpolar
N 3.0 O 3.5 0.5 Polar
8
Polarity of Molecule

• Polar Molecule a molecule with a positive and
  negative end (like a magnet has a and end).
  Polar bonds must be present.
• Take into account if the molecule is symmetrical
  and if polar bonds are present.

9
Polarity of Molecule

• It is possible to have polar bonds but not a
  polar molecule!
• Carbon dioxide has 2 polar bonds and is linear
  (symmetrical).
• Bond polarities cancel out b/c they are in
  opposite directions.

Look at the ends does it look like a tiny
magnet? Polar does nonpolar does not.
Carbon
Oxygen
Oxygen