Applications of Ionic liquids

1
Applications of Ionic liquids
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The application of ionic liquids in
electrochemistry

• Ionic liquids have wide electrochemical window,
  high electrical conductivity and good thermal
  stability, so they are often used as electrolyte
  solutions for batteries. For example, Doyle. M et
  al. used ionic liquid BMI. BF4, BMI . CF3SO3,
  etc. instead of water and Nafion membrane to
  prepare a fast proton conducting composite
  membrane. The film overcomes the disadvantage
  that the water-absorbing proton exchange membrane
  has a decrease in electrical conductivity due to
  volatilization of water at high temperatures.
  Sato et al. studied a new type of ionic liquid
  N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)tetrafluoro
  borate quaternary ammonium salt for use in
  electrochemical capacitors, and they also
  prepared a double-layer capacitor of activated
  carbon electrode, using DEME-BF4 as electrolyte.
  In addition, ionic liquids have a wide range of
  applications in antistatic agent, metal
  electrodeposition, sensors and other
  electrochemical fields.

3
The application of ionic liquids in green
chemistry

• Ionic liquids are liquid at room temperature and
  are capable of dissolving many compounds and are
  "zero" vapor pressure. Because the use of ionic
  liquids as solvents not only eliminates the
  environmental impact of volatile organic
  solvents, but also the catalysts can be recycled
  and reused, so ionic liquids are increasingly
  recognized as a new type of solvent and reaction
  media with important application value in "clean
  production" and "green synthesis".

4
The application of ionic liquids in separation
and extraction

• The selective solubility of ionic liquids makes
  them widely used in liquid-liquid extraction and
  separation, and ionic liquids are therefore
  referred to as liquid "molecular sieves". For
  example, an ionic liquid can extract a derivative
  of benzene and an extraction of a metal ion and a
  nuclear fuel waste in an aqueous phase value. The
  extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  from water by ionic liquids can avoid secondary
  pollution caused by toxic organic substances
  volatilized in traditional liquid-liquid
  extraction. 1-Alkyl-3methylimidazolidine
  hexafluorophosphate has been shown to extract 45
  typical environmental contaminants, including
  aniline, ethylbenzene, xylene, and the like.

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The application of ionic liquids in organic
synthesis

• Ionic liquids can be present as a reaction
  solvent in a multiphase system, or as a solvent
  and a catalyst in a single phase system. In
  recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used
  as reaction solvents and catalysts. Organic
  synthesis reactions can be divided into three
  categories ? catalytic hydrogenation and
  rearrangement reactions ? C-C, C-O bond cleavage
  reactions such as C-C double bond addition
  reaction and C-O-C bond acylation ? Coupling
  reactions of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, such as
  Diles-Alder reaction, Friedel-Crafts alkylation
  reaction, Huck reaction, Suzuki cross-coupling
  reaction, polymerization reaction, oxidation
  reaction, nucleophilic substitution reaction,
  free radical reaction, alcoholysis, amine
  hydrolysis, transesterification, and the like.
  Among them, ionic liquids are most widely used in
  the third type of reaction. Friedel-Crafts
  reactions play a pivotal role in the fields of
  fine chemicals and petrochemicals. The commonly
  used catalysts for Friedel-Crafts reactions are
  zeolites, solid acids and molecular sieves. In
  recent years, ionic liquids were investigated for
  their catalytic applications in the
  Friedel-Crafts reaction due to environmental
  protection and cost reduction.

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Other applications of ionic liquids

• In recent studies, imidazole ionic liquids have
  been reported to be low in toxicity, and
  3-alkoxy-1-methylimidazolidine tetrafluoroborate
  and hexafluorophosphate have been successfully
  used to make new insecticides. The ionic liquid
  has almost no vapor pressure, no volatilization,
  non-combustibility, low melting point, wide
  liquid temperature range, low temperature
  fluidity and high temperature stability, and good
  lubrication performance, so it can be used as a
  lubricant with better performance. In addition,
  the ionic liquid can dissolve cellulose, can also
  be used as a plasticizer for polymethyl
  methacrylate, and can also be used for the
  measurement of the molar mass of polymers such as
  proteins.