The Jeffersonian Republic

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The Jeffersonian Republic

• 1800-1812

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The Election of Jefferson

• Jefferson needed N.Y to win, he won by 250 votes
  if he didnt get this then Adams would of gotten
  it
• Jefferson said that Hamilton Adams were
  defeating the purpose of the American Revolution
• Jefferson wanted to restore the republican
  experiment
• There was a deadlock between the
  candidates(Burr, Hamilton) it was broken by the
  H/R because they preferred the V.P Burr, they
  hoped for moderation from Jefferson

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Triumphs of Thomas Jefferson

• Long Tom Jefferson was inaugurated president on
  March 4, 1801 in Washington the new national
  capitol.
• Established the rule of pell-mell at official
  dinners, that is seating without regard to rank.
• Started the precedent, sending messages to
  Congress to be read by a clerk.

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Triumphs Continued

• The Triumph of Jefferson D/R and the eviction of
  the Federalists Marked the first party overturn
  in American History.
• Denied the power to dispense patronage, the D/R
  could not build a loyal political following.
  Opposition to the Feds was the chief glue holding
  them together, and as the Feds faded so did the
  D/R unity.

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President Jefferson

• Jefferson becomes president on March 4, 1801
• He showed a restraint in changing too much of
  what the Hamiltonians had already done
• He pardoned the martyrs already serving
  sentences under the Sedition Acts
• Enacted New Naturalization Law of 1802 to reduce
  the unreasonable requirement of 14 years of
  residence to the previous of 5 years
• Sec. of Treasury, Albert Galatin, and Jefferson
  lowered excise taxes and were able to reduce the
  national debt while balancing the budget

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Judiciary Act of 1801

• In 1801, Federalist congress passed the act to
  keep Federalist influence in the government
• The Act created 16 fed. Judge positions
• Pres. Adams appointed the judges for life
• The Federalists had control of the Judicial
  Branch
• When the new Republican Congress convened,
  they started removing judges appointed by Adams
• Chief Justice Marshall, appointed by Adams, had
  a lot of influence in
  the Supreme Court

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Marbury vs. Madison

• Marbury was appointed justice of peace by Adams
  but didnt get his commission till after
  Jefferson was sworn in
• Madison, Secretary of State, denies Marbury
  position
• Marbury sues for position
• Chief Justice Judge John Marshall dismissed case

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War with Tripoli

• One of Jeffersons first actions as president was
  to reduce the military establishment to a mere
  police force of 2500 officers. Jefferson wanted
  to set an example for the world by forswearing
  military force and winning friends through
  peaceful relations.
• Harsh realities forced Jeffersons principles to
  bend because the pirates of the North African
  Barbary states were blackmailing and plundering
  merchant ships that ventured into the
  Mediterranean. Federalists were being forced to
  buy protection. During the French crisis
  Americans were shouting Millions for defense and
  not one cent for tribute

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War with Tripoli continued

• Jefferson did not want to go to war across the
  Atlantic, but he also did not want to pay tribute
  to a pack of pirate states.
• In 1801 war eventually broke out between Tripoli
  and the US. because Tripoli was not satisfied
  with the amount of money they were paying for
  protection.
• The war lasted for 4 years until Jefferson formed
  a peace treaty in 1805.

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Louisiana Purchase

• 1800- Napoleon and King of Spain signed secret
  pact that gave Napoleon the trans-Mississippi
  region of Louisiana.
• Suspicions of the transfer were confirmed when
  the Spaniards of New Orleans withdrew the right
  of deposit(warehouse).
• Jefferson feared Louisiana under control of
  military genius, Napoleon.

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2 The Lewis Clark Expedition

• After the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson sent out
  a series of explorations.
• Spring 1804-Jefferson sent his personal
  secretary, Meriwether Lewis and a young army
  officer, William Clark.
• Explored Northern Part of Louisiana Purchase.
• Aided by a Shoshoni woman, named Sacajawea.
• Route included Great Muddy(Missouri River),
  the Rockies, and the Columbia River.

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The Controversial Burr

• Jeffersons 1st term VP, dropped during 2nd term
• Joined Fed. Extremist group to plot the secession
  of New England NY
• Hamilton exposed conspiracy
• Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel Hamilton
  refused to shot and was killed
• With his political career dead, Burr turned his
  plotting to the trans-Miss. River West made an
  alliance w/General James Wilkinson (military gov.
  of Louisiana Territory)
• They planned to separate the W. part of the US
  from the E. Expand their confederacy w/
  invasions of Spanish controlled Mexico and FL.

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The Controversial Burr Cont.

• In 1806 Burr w/ 60 followers floated down the
  Miss. River to meet Wilkinsons army at Natchez.
  Wilkinson didnt show, he heard Jefferson knew of
  the plot and he fled to New Orleans.
• Burr was arrested and tried for treason, but
  later acquitted and fled to Europe where he urged
  Napoleon to make peace with Britain and launch a
  joint invasion of America.

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Development of War

• Madison and Rep. Believed war was inevit-able
  w/Britain he boosted their confidence
• People though only way to remove Indian menace
  wipe out their Canadian base
• Thought to be the only way so requested on June
  1, 1812 but waited for another 2 weeks
• Votes- House 79-49 Senate 19-13
• Support South, West, VA, Penn.
• Fed. Against because of sympathy of Brit.
• New Eng. Gold holders sent much to Brit. Fed
  farmers sent many supplies to Canada, enable
  Brit. Armies to attack N.Y
• States now divided