World War 1

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World War 1

• 1914-1919

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Chapter 24, Section 1War in Europe

• REASONS FOR WAR
• Nationalism
• - Wanted self-govt
• - Borders disputed
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• - race for naval
• dominance

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• Triple Alliance
• Or
• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy (switched sides)
• Vs.
• Triple Entente
• Or
• Allied Powers
• France
• Russia
• Britain

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Forming An Alliance

• Positive
• Support from friends in case of an attack/war
  against you
• Negative
• 1 involved in conflict, ALL involved (Ex. AH
  Germany)

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BATTLE FOR TERRITORY
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June 1914-Spark that ignites war

• Gavrilo Princip and Black Hand (Serbian
  terrorist group) assassinate Archduke Franz
  Ferdinand (heir to throne in Austria Hungary)

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Events leading to World War 1

• AH accuses Serbian govt
• AH threatens war, Russia backs Serbia
• AH declares war on Serbia
• Russia mobilizes for war
• Germany threatens Russia
• No response, Germany declares war on Russia
• Germany declares war on France
• Britain declares war on Germany

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TRENCH WARFARE
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Flamethrowers
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Tank-mounted Flamethrowers were added in 1918,
right before the war ended
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U.S. TRADE 1914
1916

• GB 94,000,000
• France 159,000,000
• Germany 344,000,000

• 1,500,000,000
• 626,000,000
• 289,000

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International Incidents Leading to US Involvement
in WWI
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German U-boats

• 2/4/1915 Germany announces that the waters
  surrounding Britain are a war zone
• Any ships going in or out will be sunk

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Lusitania May 7, 1915
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Lusitania

• British cruise ship
• 1200 people killed by German U-boat attack
• 128 Americans
• Pres. Wilson didnt want war

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Broken Promise

• Germany promises to stop torpedoing passenger
  ships
• March, 1916 blows up French ship Sussex

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Germany Declares Open Season

• All ships in war zone will be destroyed
• Americans can send one ship/week if it
• Arrives on Sunday
• Carries no contraband
• Is painted with red and white
• stripes
• Flies a checkered flag
• Direct slap in the face to US govt

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Zimmerman Telegram March 1, 1917

• Cablegram intercepted and decoded by British
• Supposedly from German Foreign Minister Zimmerman
  to German minister in Mexico
• If US enters war, German minister should
• get Mexico to help Germany
• If Germany wins, Mexico gets
• Texas, New Mexico, Arizona

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Zimmerman Telegram
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Chapter 24, Section 2From Neutrality to War
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Should the U.S. Declare War?

• No
• Neutrality
• Feel bad for Central Powers
• Opposition of alliance with Russian Czar
• Pacifists oppose war

• Yes
• German Sub Warfare
• Favor Britain/France
• Zimmerman telegram
• Trade with Allies

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The World Must Be Made Safe for Democracy

• Congress voted for war 455-56
• How do we prepare for war?

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Selective Service Act

• Men 21-30
• 4 million men/women joined the armed forces
• Filipinos, Puerto Ricans, Native Americans, etc.

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African American Soldiers

• Not allowed by Congress to join in the beginning
• Over 400,000 soldiers
• Black Only Units
• (Wouldnt have had enough soldiers without them)
• (Harlem Hell Fighters saw more action than any
  other unit)

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Women At War

• 300,000 volunteer for service
• Nurses, office workers, drive vehicles, move
  planes, etc
• (Freed men up to fight)

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Food Administration

• Herbert Hoover
• Victory Gardens
• Wheatless Mondays Wednesdays
• Meatless Tuesdays
• Porkless Thursdays

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War Industries Board

• 600,000 rifles
• 2,000 Machine Guns
• 1,000 Pieces of Artillery
• Factories TOLD to produce war supplies

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Discrimination to Migration

• German Americans
• Lynching, attacks
• African Americans
• - Moved from South to North for better paying
  jobs
• Race riots
• Mexican Americans
• Moved from South to North
• Worked in mines, mills during war
• Forced workers to return to Mexico

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Ch 24, Sec 3Americans In Battle
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OVER THERE Verse Johnnie get your gun, get your
gun, get your gun,Take it on the run, on the
run, on the run,Hear them calling you and
me,Ev'ry son of liberty.Hurry right away, no
delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had
such a lad,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To
be proud her boy's in line.Chorus Over there
over thereSend the word, send the word over
thereThat the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are
coming,The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhereSo
prepare say a pray'rSend the word, send the word
to bewareWe'll be over, we're coming over,And
we won't come back till it's over over there!
Verse Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get
your gun,Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a
gun,Hoist the flag and let her fly,Yankee
Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit, show your
grit, do your bit,Yankees to the ranks from the
towns and the tanks,Make your mother proud of
youAnd the old Red White and Blue.
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Vladimir Lenin

• Communist revolution in Russia
• Ideas from Karl Marx
• Classless society
• War helps the ruling class
• After revolution, signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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Germany Moves To The Western Front

• Peace Offensive
• Hoped it would end war
• Attacked British troops at Amiens
• Wanted to reach Paris
• More than 1 million American troops (AEF
  American Expeditionary Force)

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American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
Commander of the AEF General John J. Pershing
Officers of the AEF
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Harlem Hell Fighters
Wearing the Croix de Guerre from French Govt
Under fire more than any other unit
Victory Parade
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Battle of Belleau Wood
Monument in France
Gardner Gun used by U.S.
German Machine Gun Trench
U.S. Marines
Lewis Gun used by U.S.
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Then I thought that I was dreamingFor right
there in my sightStood the German soldier'Neath
the falling flakes of whiteAnd he raised his
hand and smiled at meAs if he seemed to
sayHere's hoping we both liveTo see us find a
better wayThen the devil's clock struck
midnightAnd the skies lit up againAnd the
battlefield where heaven stoodWas blown to hell
againBut for just one fleeting momentThe
answer seemed so clearHeaven's not beyond the
cloudsIt's just beyond the fearNo, heaven's
not beyond the cloudsIt's for us to find it here
Oh, the snowflakes fell in silenceOver Belleau
Wood that nightFor a Christmas truce had been
declaredBy both sides of the fightAs we lay
there in our trenchesThe silence broke in twoBy
a German soldier singingA song that we all
knewThough I did not know the languageThe song
was "Silent Night"Then I heard my buddy
whisper,"All is calm and all is bright"Then the
fear and doubt surrounded me'Cause I'd die if I
was wrongBut I stood up in my trenchAnd I began
to sing along Then across the frozen
battlefieldAnother's voice joined inUntil one
by one each man becameA singer of the hymn
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Battle of the Argonne Forest (Verdun)
View of Verdun

• Final Allied Offensive
• Flu epidemic crippled Germans
• Biggest Victory for AEF
• Alvin York Most Decorated War Hero

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Verdun Battlefield
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French Soldiers near Argonne Wood
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French Cemetery near Verdun
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W A R F A R E
T R E N C H
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German Trench
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Waiting for Battle
Enlisted men (soldiers)
Officers
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Russian Soldier trapped in barbed wire
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French Corpse
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Trench Rats
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New Weapons
Machine Guns
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Tanks
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Submarines
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Planes
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Manfred von RichthofenThe Red Baron
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Gas and Flame Throwers
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Machine gun
Learning to use a grenade
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Soldier without a gas mask during a gas attack.
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Grenade Launchers
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Trench Knives
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British Whippet
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American Tank
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• Missile messageEnemy fire often cut telephone
  lines, so both sides used shells and rockets,
  such as this one, to send written messages to
  frontline troops

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Flare pistolThe Very pistol shot colored
flares (star shells) into the sky. A red shell
meant danger, while other color combinations had
their own meanings.
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Pigeon carrierThis message canister was
attached to a carrier pigeon for carrying
messages to and from the front line
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• Water wagonSupplying frontline troops was one of
  the biggest problems on the Western Front, where
  there were few good roads. Water was one of the
  most precious supplies.

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• German field phoneTelephones were the main
  communication method between the front line and
  headquarters. They also relayed Morse code
  messages.

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• AlsatianBesides carrier pigeons, the German army
  also trained Alsatian war dogs to carry
  messages in containers attached to their collar
  between the trenches.

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Ch. 24 Section 4The Failed Peace
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End of World War I

• Armistice
• 1) Germany must accept President Wilsons plan
• German emperor must abdicate

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Costs of War

• Central Powers
• Germany 37 billion
• Aus-Hung 20 billion
• Turkey 1-2 billion
• TOTAL 60 billion

• Allied Powers
• U.S. 22 billion
• G.B. 35 billion
• France 25 billion
• Russia 22 billion
• Italy 12 billion
• TOTAL 125 billion

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Treaty of Versailles
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BEFORE
AFTER