Chapter 11 section 3

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Chapter 11 section 3

• Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson

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President William Howard Taft

• Roosevelts chosen successor.
• Continued Roosevelts Progressive program by
  pursuing antitrust cases.

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President Taft continued

• Progressives in congress unlike Taft, favored low
  tariffs.
• Progressives first became furious with Taft over
  the protective Payne-Aldrich Tariff.
• President Tafts Secretary of the Interior was
  Richard Ballinger, who angered conservationists
  by siding with business interests that sought
  unrestricted development of federal lands in the
  West.

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Split in the Republican Party

• When Gifford Pinchot accused Richard Ballinger of
  corruption, before Congress, Taft fired Pinchot.
• The Progressive faction of the Republican Party
  protested Tafts handling of the
  Ballinger-Pinchot affair.
• When the House passed a resolution allowing full
  membership, instead of the Speaker, to appoint
  the Rules Committee the Republican Party was
  split.

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New Nationalism

• Was Roosevelts name for his Progressive reform
  program, at the time of the midterm elections of
  1910.
• Included Roosevelts call for business
  regulation, welfare laws, workplace protection
  for women children, income inheritance taxes,
  and voting reform.

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Presidential Election of 1912

• Theodore Roosevelt challenges his old friend
  President Taft for the Republican nomination in
  1912.
• Even though Roosevelt was more popular, Taft won
  the Republican nomination because he controlled
  the National convention.
• Roosevelts supporters broke from the Republican
  party and formed the Progressive Party.

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Election of 1912 continued

• When Roosevelt was giving a speech and he was
  shot but continued to speak for an hour and a
  half. Roosevelt said it takes more than that to
  kill a Bull Moose.
• The Progressive party became nicknamed the Bull
  Moose Party.
• The Bull Moose party supported womens suffrage
  on its platform.
• Woodrow Wilson was the democratic candidate in
  1912.
• Wilson called his policy The New Freedom which
  promised to enforce antitrust laws without
  threatening free economic competition.

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Even More on the Election of 1912

• Wilson wins the election of 1912.
• A major reason that Wilson won the election of
  1912 was that Roosevelt split the Republican
  vote.
• Wilsons reform platform during the 1912 campaign
  differed from Roosevelts in that he promised to
  preserve free economic competition.

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Clayton Antitrust Act

• Passed with Wilsons guidance in 1914 to
  strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act.
• Spelled out specific activities that big business
  could not do.
• Prevented antitrust suits from being brought
  against unions and prohibited court injunctions
  against strikes.

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Federal Reserve System

• Was established by Woodrow Wilson to reorganize
  the federal banking system.
• Was intended to prevent bank failures.
• Wilson wanted it to promote competition in the
  industry and to ease the frequent panics that
  destabilized the U.S. economy.
• System was supervised by the Federal Reserve
  Board appointed by the President.

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Federal Reserve System Continued

• Every national bank was required to become a
  member of the the Federal Reserve bank in its
  district.
• Each bank was required to deposit some capital
  the Federal Reserve bank in its district.
• Member banks could borrow from the Federal
  Reserve Bank to help meet short term demands this
  helps prevent bank failures.
• The system also created a new national currency
  know as Federal Reserve notes.
• The FED could now expand or contract the amount
  of currency in circulation. (control the money
  supply)

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Progressivism was halted by

• World War I

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Womens Suffrage Movement

• American women first officially demanded to right
  to vote in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention in
  New York.
• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were
  major players at this convention.
• When Susan B. Anthony joined to joined the cause
  she and Stanton became the nations most
  celebrated champions of womens suffrage.

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Suffragist Strategies

• The National Woman Suffrage Association,
  including Stanton and Anthony fought for a
  Constitutional Amendment to for suffrage.
• The American Woman Suffrage Association worked on
  the state level to win voting rights.
• When Wyoming entered the union in 1890, it became
  the first state to grant women full suffrage.
• In 1872 Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to
  the polls in Rochester, New York, insisting on
  voting. Anthony was arrested and convicted for
  the act of civil disobedience.

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Suffrage at the turn of the century

• In 1890, veteran leaders of the suffrage
  movement, including Susan B. Anthony and
  Elizabeth Cady Stanton, were joined by younger
  leaders in forming the National American Woman
  Suffrage Association.
• After the deaths of Stanton and Anthony, the
  woman who eventually led NAWSA to victory was
  Carrie Chapman Catt

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Split in the Suffrage Movement

• Alice Paul transformed the NAWSA committee that
  was working on the passage of a congressional
  suffrage Amendment into a new organization the
  Congressional Union.
• Pauls action resulted in a split in the suffrage
  movement.
• Pauls CU called for an aggressive, militant
  campaign for the constitutional amendment.
• She planned to bypass existing state suffrage
  organizations and set up new ones in each state.

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• The leadership of NAWSA opposed Pauls plan,
  believing it would alienate moderate supporters.
  In 1914 they expelled the Congressional Union
  from its organization.
• When New York gave the right to vote to women,
  Presidential candidates now had to court the New
  York womens vote because of its large number of
  electoral votes.
• Womens activities in WWI resulted in more
  Americans supporting their right to suffrage.
• The battle for womens suffrage ended with the
  ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920.