Landforms and Resources

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Chapter 24

• Section 1
• Landforms and Resources

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South Asia

• South Asia includes 7 countries-India, Pakistan,
  Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Maldives

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Subcontinent

• South Asia is sometimes called a subcontinent.
  This is a landmass like a continent only smaller.
  South Asia has more than one billion people.

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South Asia formed

• 60 million years ago when the continent of
  Gondwana broke apart, and drifted northward.
  That piece collided with Central Asia. The
  collision of the two tectonic plates forced the
  land upward into a chain of mountains.

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Himalayan Mountains

• The highest mountains in the world. They form
  the barrier that separates South Asia from the
  rest of Asia.
• Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the
  world.

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Alluvial Plains

• This is the rich soil brought down from the
  mountains by the rivers. When the rivers overflow
  their banks and flood the surrounding plains,
  they leave a layer of alluvial soil. These
  plains are called alluvial plains.

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archipelago

• The Maldives is an archipelago, or island group.
  It is made up of 1200 small islands but only 200
  are inhabited.

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atoll

• Are island that are low lying tops of submerged
  volcanoes. They are surrounded by coral reefs and
  shallow lagoons.

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Section 2

• Climate and Vegetation

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Climates

• South Asia has six main climate zones

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Highland

• The coldest climate, this is high in the
  Himalayas. Snow year round.

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The lower elevations

• Are much warmer. They include the foothills and
  valleys of Nepal, Bhutan, and Northern India

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Humid Subtropical

• The northern Indian Plain

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Semiarid Zone

• The western end of the plain and parts of the
  Deccan Plateau. High Temperatures and light
  rainfall.

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Desert Zone

• Lower Indus valley. It is the borderland of
  western India and southern Pakistan. The driest
  part is the Thar Desert

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Tropical Wet Zone

• Western and and Eastern coasts of India and
  Bangladesh. Temperatures are high and rainfall
  is heavy.

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Monsoons

• Are seasonal winds. From October to Feb., dry
  winds blow across S. Asia from the northeast.
  June through Sept. The winds blow moist ocean
  air. Especially southern and eastern S. Asia

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Monsoon are crucial

• The rainfall is necessary but monsoons can cause
  hardships for millions. Low lying areas often
  experience floods. They can be unpredictable.
  Some areas receive to much rain while other areas
  receive not enough rain.

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Cyclone

• Is a violent storm with fierce winds and heavy
  rain. Most destructive in Bangladesh.

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Section 3

• Human-Environment interaction

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Ganges

• Is not only an important water resource but it is
  a sacred river. According to Hindu beliefs, the
  Ganges is a sacred river that brings life to the
  people

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Feni River

• Is a river in Bangladesh, it flows from the hills
  into the Bay of Bengal. At monsoon season it
  overflows it banks and cyclones sweep into the
  area. They bring storm surges or high waters that
  swamp the low lying areas

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Human Resource

• The Feni River had a dam built to control the
  water. Bangladesh has a large population. The
  countrys human resources became key to the
  project. There were plenty of unskilled workers
  for construction work

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Estuary

• This is an arm of the sea at the lower end of a
  river. With the completion of the Feni Dam,
  Bangladesh had South Asias largest dam estuary.